1、中文 5000 字， 2600 英文单词， 14500 英文字符 文献出处： Brown M F. Heritage Trouble: Recent Work on the Protection of Intangible, Cultural PropertyJ. International Journal of Cultural Property, 2005, 12(12):40-61. Heritage Trouble: Recent Work on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Property Michael F. Brown Abstra
2、ct: A major factor driving contemporary concerns about the fate of intangible cultural property is the rise of the Information Society, which has proven adept at stripping information from the cultural contexts that give it meaning. Efforts to preserve intangible heritage have tended to follow Infor
3、mation Society models by proposing that heritage be inventoried, then removed from the public domain and returned to the exclusive control of its putative creators. This essay reviews recent scholarly work and policy initiatives related to intangible cultural property with an eye toward identifying
4、their merits and flaws. It argues for a more ecological perspective, one that takes account of the unpredictable quality of information flows as well as the costs of attempting to manage them. Also explored are some of the difficult, unanswered questions about whether all intangible cultural heritag
5、e is equally worthy of protection. When comparing today s discussions of cultural property with those taking place only two decades ago, one is immediately struck by the radical broadening of the fields scope. Prior to the early 1980s，“ cultural property” was invoked largely to denote portable works
6、 of art and architectural monuments that embodied the history and identity of particular peoples or nation-states. Today the expression is applied to things as disparate in their scale and characteristics as human remains, art genres, and regional landscapes. Indigenous-rights advocates have gone so far as to identify biological species (as distinct from plant or animal populations) as items of cultural or intellectual property. Even though the most sweeping of these cultural-property clai
