1、3200 单词， 17000 英文字符， 5786 汉字 节选自 History of Interior Design, 4th Edition 第 16 章 外 文 翻 译 室内设计史 A HISTORY OFINTERIOR DESIGN 学 部（院）： 建筑与艺术学院 专 业： 艺术设计（环境艺术设计） 学 生 姓 名： 学 号： 指 导 教 师： 完 成 日 期： 室内设计史 The Emergence of Modernism By the first decades of the twentieth century, it had become apparent that indu
2、strialization and the technology that it relied on had brought about changes in human affairs as great as any that had occurred since the discovery of fire and the invention of language. Telephone, electric light, travel by ship, rail, automobile, and by air, and structural engineering using steel a
3、nd Reinforced concrete brought about the extensive changes in human experience that are often characterized as those of the “first machine age.” Through all of earlier history, hand work had been the primary means by which things were made (aided by limited use of wind, water, and horse power). In t
4、he modern world, very little is handmade and factory production has become the norm. New and pressing problems were the accelerating population growth and the increase in urban poverty were . The rise of communism and fascism and the suffering engendered by World War I presented problems that techno
5、logy did little to solve. In art, architecture, and design it became increasingly evident that the traditions that had served past ages were no longer relevant to this modern world. The nineteenth-century efforts to find new design directionsthe Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Nouveau, and the Vienna
6、Secessionall remained tied to the past. Arts and Crafts asked for a return to the hand craft of preindustrial times. Art Nouveau and the Vienna Secession sought new decorative vocabularies but did not recognize the extent of the changes that were overwhelming every aspect of modern life. Eclecticism was devoted to
