1、 4360 汉字， 2700 单词， 1.4 万英文字符 毕业论文 (设计 )外文翻译 学 院：统计与数学学院 专 业：统计学 班 级：统计 学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 二一 五 年 三 月 - 1 - 外文翻译之一 Productivity Changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989： A Non-Parametric Malmquist Approach Author(s)： R. FRE; S. GROSSKOPF; B. LINDGREN; P.ROOS Nationality： USA； Swedish Source： The Journal
2、 of Productivity Analysis, 3, 85-101 (1992) Abstract In this article we develop a non-parametric (linear programming) approach for calculation of a Malmquist (input based) productivity index. The method is applied to the case of Swedish pharmacies. 1. Introduction The purpose of this article is to d
3、evelop an input based non-parametric methodology for calculating productivity growth and to apply it to a sample of Swedish pharmacies. Our methodology merges ideas from measurement of efficiency by Farrell 1957 and from measurement of productivity as expressed by Caves, Christensen, and Dicwert 198
4、2. In his classic article, “The Measurement of Productive Efficiency,” Farrell introduced a framework for efficiency gauging in which overall efficiency can be decomposed into the two component measures: allocative and technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is the reciprocal of the Shephard 1953
5、 and Malmquist 1953 (input) distance function, which is the key building block in the Mahnquist input based productivity index, which we use here. Caves, Christensen, and Dicwert 1982 define the input based Malmquist productivity index as the ratio of two, yet to be defined, input distance functions
6、. When they impose overall efficiency by Farrell 1957 and a translog structure on the distance functions, they show how the Torqvist index can be derived from the geometric mean of two Malmquist indexes. Here, no such assumptions on behavior or technology will be imposed. Instead, we allow for inefficiencies and model technology as piecewise linear. Thus our Malmquist index of productivity can distinguish between changes in efficiency and chang
