1、中文 9900 字，英文 6600 单词， 3.4 万英文字符 出处： Kresl P, Singh B. Urban Competitiveness and US Metropolitan CentresJ. Urban Studies, 2012, 49(2):239-254. 毕 业 设 计 外 文 翻 译 学 院： 建筑学院 专 业： 城市规划 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 完成时间： 共 28 页 第 1 页 装 订 线 【 英文原文 】 Urban Studies 49 (2012) 239255 作者： Peter Kresl and Balwant Singh 字数： 660
2、5 Urban Competitiveness and US Metropolitan Centres Abstract In this paper, the urban competitiveness of 23 major US cities is examined. The methodology allows the obtaining of results that are not available to other methodologies. Several determinants of urban competitiveness are identified that ar
3、e statistically verifiable and it is possible to show how both these determinants and the competitiveness of 23 US urban economies have changed during the past two decades. The results are presented in a manner that will be of use to urban decision-makers and planners. This study follows up on two e
4、arlier studies of this topic. The study of urban competitiveness has taken off during the past two decades (see the Appendix, Table A2). At the outset, most researchers were committed either to Michael Porters (1990) focus on the competitiveness of nations or to Paul Krugmans (1993) micro-economic f
5、ocus on the firm. One of the authors remembers approaching a US foundation that was advertising itself as the primary supporter of research on com-petitiveness, with a proposal for a study of urban competitivenessonly to be told that cities had nothing to do with competitiveness. Shortly thereafter,
6、 the OECD had a conference on Cities and the New Global Economy (OECD, 1994) and this journal published a review issue on Competitive Cities (Urban Studies, 1999). Then Eurocities (2002) declared that Europe was a network of cities. Cities had emerged as the primary locus of the reality of competitiveness. This focus on urban compet
