1、1500 单词， 8700 英文字符， 2400 单词 出处： Medina L K. Commoditizing culture : Tourism and Maya IdentityJ. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003, 30(2):353-368. 原文 Commoditizing culture: Tourism and Maya Identity Laurie Medina Abstract This ethnographic study examined how the commoditization of culture for tourism
2、affected traditional practices in a formerly Maya village adjacent to the most-visited Mayan ruins in Belize. Though the majority of villagers had abandoned this indigenous identity, they responded to the tourism demand for representations of an essentialized Mayan culture by utilizing new channels
3、to access traditions they could no longer learn through old ways: they turned to the publications of archaeologists and epigraphers who study the ancient Maya. As villagers developed expertise in the cultural traditions of their ancestors, they remained ambivalent about whether or not their unconven
4、tional acquisition of this knowledge provided sufficient basis for reclaiming Maya identities. Keywords: culture; commoditization; identity; Maya; Belize INTRODUCTION One school of thought in tourism studies has argued that the commoditization of culture for consumption renders the resulting practic
5、es inauthentic. This position distinguishes between traditions which persist in relative isolation from market forces, and practices elaborated specifically for the tourism market. Against this perspective, other scholars have asserted that such transactions between tourists and “tourees” generate n
6、ew cultural configurations which are both meaningful and authentic to their participants. Advocates of this argument reject both the distinction drawn by the first group of scholars between more and less authentic cultural forms and the notions of culture and authenticity on which that distinction rests. The second school of thought instead portrays culture as dynamic and emergent. This paper introduces a third alternative in this debate: the commoditization of culture for tourism may i
