1、中文 2850 字， 1800 单词， 9800 英文字符 出处： Ducret R. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe The French caseJ. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2014, 11:15-22. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challeng
2、es in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe The French case Ducret R 1 Introduction The European Courier, Express and Parcel sector (CEP) is a very strategic and dynamic sector involved in globalization. Primarily, the CEP sector is a separate activity from the postal service. This sector
3、has arisen over the past 20 years from the traditional transport of less than a truckload of general cargo. It groups together firms, capable of delivering small, light parcels (31.5 kg at the most), quickly and accurately, all over the world, relying on sophisticated networks (hub and spoke network
4、s combined with depot networks for the most part) and the reliable tracking and tracing of the shipments. To put it simply, couriers provide a point-to-point same-day delivery; express providers supply fast delivery at fixed time windows the next day or the second day relying on their powerful netwo
5、rks; and parcel providers are characterized by the consolidation of standardized lightweight parcels delivered the next or second day. But nowadays frontiers between the three services are blurred, and a CEP player provides each of the services (DHL, 2008). In Europe, DHL, TNT and UPS share the mark
6、et along with some national outsiders of various sizes. According to the International Post Corporation, in 2008, the UE CEP market turnover was 37.4 billion Euros (business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) parcels), and adding consumer to consumer (C2C), the CEP market turnover could reach 42.2 billion Euros (ITA Consulting & W I K Consult, 2009). During the past fifteen years the CEP sector in Europe, in particular the final stage of the supply chain in cities, has u
