1、2900 单词， 1.7 万英文字符 ,4800 汉字 出处： Utami R M, Lantu D C. Development Competitiveness Model for Small-Medium Enterprises among the Creative Industry in BandungJ. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, 115:305-323. 本科毕业论文外文资料翻译 系别 ： 经济系 专业 ： 会计学 &nb
2、sp;姓名 ： 学 号： 年 月 日 外文原文 Development Competitiveness Model for Small-Medium Enterprises among the Creative Industry in Bandung RamadhillaMaghfiraUtami and Donald CrestofelLantu School of Business and Management (SBM), Ban
3、dung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia Abstract In Indonesia, Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a major role in term of generating employment, contributing to GDP, and being safety valve in national economic recovery. Nevertheless, nowadays the role of SMEs is not sufficient to promote the
4、 economic growth and to increase society income. It isdifficult toSMEs to grow becoming larger business “next stage” or persist in sustainable productivity. This problem is considered related to the decreasing of SMEs competitiveness. This study aims todevelop model of competitiveness for SMEs espec
5、ially among the creative industry in Bandung. As ameans to address its issue, it uses depth interview method to datacollection. it had three phases: preliminary phase, first phase, and second phase. Preliminary phase isconducted to test the questions. The first phase interview is conducted to some s
6、ub-sectors of creativeindustry in Bandung that are included the SMEs criteria. Then, the data would be analyzed usinggrounded theory analysis in order to generate initial codes, sub-concepts, concepts, and categories. Thesecond phase is conducted to validate the results of first phase and generate t
7、he final sub-concepts,concepts, categories, and finally build the theory. Competitiveness is viewed as a comprehensive concept. It can be accessed from the influences up tothe results achieved. Three dimensions that are included in competitiveness concept are potentialdimension, process dimension, a
8、nd performance dimension. Potential dimension consist factors that areneeded to develop the business, started from owner characteristics and companys characteristics thatare influenced by internal capability and external environment. The second dimension named processdimension, which is consist effe
9、ctive operation strategy and implementation and effective growthstrategy and implementation. The third dimension is performance dimension which is divided intofinancial performance and non-financial performance. Thehypotheses related to model can bedeveloped. Finally the recommendation based on prev
10、ious analysis can be given to some entities suchas business owner, government, and mediator in order to develop the SMEs. Key words: SMEs； Creative Industry； Competitiveness； Success Factor. 1. Introduction In developing countries, particularly in the context Small and MediumEnterprises (SMEs) is es
11、sential for economic growth. SMEs contributes as a solution to theState's economic growth, interm of generating employment (Birch 1979), offeringinnovative products or services and competitiveness (Porter 1990； Schumpeter 1942) andenhance international trade of an economy through diversification
12、. Indonesia as one of the developing countries need to prepare themselves in order not tolag behind other countries, especially in ASEAN. One of Indonesia's economic problems is unemployment.The population is currently out of balance with the availability of jobs leaving manyresidents do not hav
13、e a job and a steady income. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can be seen as a safety valve in nationaleconomic recovery. SMEs role in the rapid growth economic and employment is expectedto be a starting point for efforts Government moves production sector in various businessfields. They have pro
14、ved to be able to live and thrive in the storm crisis that hit Indonesia inthe past 5 years since the year 1998. The existence of SMEs according to BPS data 2011 hasbeen able to contribute to GDP nearly 57.60% of total national GDP. While the number of SMEs in 2011 reached nearly 55.21million units
15、by the number of labor as 101.72 million people. The number of units SMEsand the absorption of labor increased 2.57 percent and 2.33 percent compared to 2010. Nowadays, SMEs in creative industry considered as potential industry. It is able toabsorb labor； the creative industry can also help in build
16、ing the image and values of thenational culture. According to Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic ofIndonesia (2012), the projected growth of the creative industries in the period 2009-2015 isbetween 7-9 percent. The contribution to GDP about 7-8 percent increased from 6.28perce
17、nt. But SMEs in Indonesia only contributed one-third of the total contribution ofcompanies in Indonesia to stimulate the economy. It shows low contribution of SMEs tosupport economic growth in Indonesia. The lack ofSMEs role to economic growth inIndonesia is caused by some constraints. Based on Stat
18、e Ministry of National DevelopmentPlanning (2012), the constraints experienced are usually associated to low of capacity, lowof human resources quality, high of transaction cost, and limited access to productiveresources such as capital, natural resources, information, knowledge, skills, and technol
19、ogy. These constraints cause difficulties of SMEs to the next class or held in sustainableproductive business. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Small businesses are defined as employing not more that 5-10 workers, including theowners and family (ASMSE, 2010). The United Nation Industrial Development Bank(UNIDO) classifies small scale enterprises as those with less than 150 employees. Thedefinition is only applicable to industrial and newly industrializing
