1、此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译） ，无需调整复杂的格 式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就 一次的事！ 外文标题：The impact of R innovation; R the main lever the government uses to lift business R the dependence of the funding impact on firm size; and the relative impact of funding on significant innovations versus more increm
2、ental ones. The existing literature provides some evidence of significant impacts of R 45% of treated firms received non-R that is, the treated firms are simply better in some unobservable way than the untreated firms. Conversely, if these models do not find a significant treatment effect, that prov
3、ides some indirect evidence that our results are not greatly affected by selection bias. First, we consider the effect of R any spillovers would improve the performance of the control group and reduced the estimated treatment effect. We also cannot measure the magnitude of any consumer-surplus spill
4、overs, but the kind of new to the world innovation that the subsidy seems to encourage would be the kind of innovation most likely to generate consumer benefits. We also find that R研发补助 1.引言 创新被认为是经济增长的重要来源（Romer 1990） 。但是，创新的产出受到不适 用性、不可分割性和不确定性问题的强烈影响，这使企业难以提升其投资回报。 其结果是创新中企业自身投入（即 RD 投资）的均衡水平往往比来自政府的补 贴要高（Arrow 1962） 。 为了提升创新能力， 许多国家制定了税收抵免或政府补贴等政策来支持企业的研 发活动。这些政策旨在降低企业的创新成本，从而刺激创新活动。根据欧盟统计 局（Eurostat）的数据，2012 年欧盟 28 国在商业部门研发活动中的公共份额为 6.7，美国为 11.5。在新西兰，2012 年的相应份额约为 8.8（新西兰统计 局，2013 年，表
