1、 I 摘 要 变速器用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速,目的是在原地起步、爬 坡、转弯、加速等各种行驶工况下,使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度,同时使发 动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。所以变速器的结构设计的合理性直接影响到汽 车动力性和经济性。设计要求达到换挡迅速、省力、方便、有较高的工作效率、 工作噪声低。因此变速器在汽车中得到广泛应用。 本次设计的是五个前进档加一个倒档的中型专用车的变速器。为了使该变速 器应用范围更加的广泛,应用到不同工程上,使得本变速器带有取力器。变速器 采用中间轴式,换档形式采用的是同步器和滑移齿轮换档,使的换档方便,可靠。 操纵机构设有自锁和互锁装置。 先利用已知参
2、数确定各挡传动比,再后确定齿轮的模数、压力角、齿宽等参 数。由中心矩确定箱体的长度、高度和中间轴及二轴的轴径,然后对中间轴和各 挡齿轮进行校核。在设计过程中,利用 CAXA 绘图,运用 MATALAB 软件编程。最后 绘制装配图及零件图。 通过本次设计,使所设计的变速器工作可靠,传动效率更高。 关键词:变速器,同步器,齿轮,取力器 II Abstract To change the engine used to spread transmission of torque and wheel speed, the aim of starting in place, climb, turn and
3、 accelerate a variety of driving conditions, different vehicle traction and speed, while the engine in the most favorable range conditions.Therefore, the reasonability of the structure design of a transmission gearbox directly affects the vehicles dynamic performance. It is usually required shifting
4、 gears rapidly and conveniently, saving force, and having a higher working efficiency and low working noises. The design of the five forward file plus a reverse of the transmission medium-sized special vehicle. In order to make the transmission more broad range of applications, application to a different project, make a check of the power transmission device. Transmission use of the middle axis, shifting the form of using the synchronizer gear shift and sliding to make the shift easy and reliab