1、 毕业设计说明书 基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术 学生姓名： 学号： 学 院： 专 业： 指导教师： 2012 年 6 月 基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术 摘 要 声源定位技术是利用麦克风拾取语音信号，并用数字信号处理技术对其进行分析和 处理，继而确定和跟踪声源的空间位置。声源定位技术在视频会议、语音识别和说话人 识别、目标定位和助听装置等领域有着重要的应用。 传统的单个麦克风的拾音范围很 有限，拾取信号的质量不高，继而提出了用麦克风阵列进行语音处理的方法，它可以以 电子瞄准的方式对准声源而不需要人为的移动麦克风，弥补单个麦克风在噪声处理和声 源定位等方面的不足，麦克风阵列还具有去噪、声源定位和跟
2、踪等功能，从而大大提高 语音信号处理质量。 本文主要对基于多麦克风阵列的声源定位技术领域中的基于时延的定位理论进行 了研究，在此基础上研究了四元阵列、五元阵列以及多元阵列的定位算法，并且分别对 其定位精度进行了分析，推导出了影响四元、五元阵列目标方位角、俯仰角及目标距离 的定位精度的一些因素及相关定位方程，并通过 matlab 仿真软件对其定位精度进行了 仿真；最后在四元、五元阵列的基础上，采用最小二乘法对多元阵列定位进行了计算； 通过目标计算值和设定值对比，对多元阵列的定位精度进行了分析，并得出了多元阵列 的目标定位的均方根误差。 关键词：麦克风阵列，声源定位，时延，定位精度，均方根误差 B
3、ased on Microphone Array for Sound Source Localization Research Abstract Sound source positioning technology is to use the microphone to pick up voice signals, and digital signal processing technology used for their analysis and processing , Then identify and track the spatial location of sound sour
4、ce. Acoustic source localization techniques have a variety of important uses in videoconferencing, speech recognition and speaker identification, targets direction finding, and biomedical devices for the hearing impaired. The pick up range of traditional single microphone is limited, the signal qual
5、ity picked up is not high, then a voice processing methods with the microphone array has been proposed . It may be electronically aimed to provide a high-quality signal from desired source localization and does not require physical movement to alter these microphones direction of reception. Micropho
6、ne array has the functions of de-noising, sound source localization and tracking functions, which greatly improved the quality of voice signal processing. The article discusses some issues of sound source localization based on microphone array, On the basis ，it studies a four element array,five element array and an multiple array positioning algorithm, then the positioning precision is analyzed. Derived some factors of the azimuth and
