1、 毕 业 论 文毕 业 论 文 减压塔抽真空系统工艺路线选择减压塔抽真空系统工艺路线选择 The reduced pressure tower vacuum system process route choiceThe reduced pressure tower vacuum system process route choice 摘要摘要 减压塔抽真空系统工艺路线比选是一项为了找到不同操作工况下保持减压塔顶高 真空度而耗能相对较少的工艺路线的重要设计工作。目前国内干式减压蒸馏一般采用蒸 汽喷射器与二级蒸汽抽真空组合三级抽真空系统，湿式减压蒸馏一般采用二级蒸汽抽真 空系统，但真空度一般较低。
2、本文提出两个方案工艺路线，此两种工艺路线既可以用于 干式减压蒸馏，也可以用于湿式减压蒸馏，并且能达到高真空度，但此两种工艺路线在 不同型式的减压蒸馏中耗能有所差别，减压塔抽真空系统的工艺路线的选择的主要目标 就是满足经济效益的同时保护环境，其主要指标体现为拔出率、投资、操作费用与能耗 等方面。 关键词关键词: : 减压塔 抽真空 系统组合 喷射器 机械真空泵 真空度 Abstract: Process route of vacuum tower vacuum system than is a dry type vacuum distillation in order to find diffe
3、rent operating conditions to maintain the high vacuum of the decompression tower while relatively less energy-consuming process line design; general election three steam ejectors and vacuum combination of two steam vacuum systems, wet vacuum distillation generally use two steam vacuum system, but th
4、e degree of vacuum generally lower. This paper presents the process route of the two programs, these two process routes can be used for dry-type vacuum distillation, can also be used wet vacuum distillation, and can achieve a high degree of vacuum, but this two process routes in different types of r
5、eduction energy in different pressure distillation, vacuum tower pumped vacuum system, the choice of process route, the main goal is to meet the economic benefits while protecting the environment and its key indicators for the extraction rate, investment, operating costs and energy consumption. Keyw
6、ords: The reduced pressure tower, vacuum, system combination, projector, mechanical vacuum pump, Economic benefits, Environmental Protection 第一章第一章 减压蒸馏概述减压蒸馏概述 随着我国国民经济快速发展，石油产品的需求量也迅速增长。然而伴随着原油价格 的不断提高，以及原油重质化和劣质化日趋严重，炼油企业如何保持自身的盈利性就成 为一个越来越严峻的问题。另外，随着燃油标准和污染物排放标准的日趋严格，对炼厂 提出了更高的要求。 为了提高盈利性和满足环保标准， 炼厂节能减排已经成为首要之举。 对常减压装置而言，蒸汽是除燃料油或燃料气之外最大的能耗，而减顶抽真空系统是减 压蒸馏过程中蒸汽耗量最大的设备，降低这部分消耗，意义重大。 1.1 减压蒸馏 原油蒸馏是原油加工的第一道工序,一般包括常压蒸馏和减压( 真空)蒸馏两部分。 原油在常压蒸馏的条件下只能得到约占原油总量 20%30%的轻质油品( 汽油、煤油、 柴
