1、 I 摘 要 随着汽车工业的发展，人们对汽车乘座舒适性和安全性的要求逐渐提高，因 此对汽车悬架系统和减震器也提出了更高的要求。这次设计的微型汽车的悬架系 统是有实际意义的。 本次设计的主要内容是：奇瑞微型汽车的前、后悬架系统的结构设计。其前 后悬架均采用目前比较流行的麦弗逊式独立悬架，减震器为液力双向作用筒式减 震器。本说明书还包括前、后悬架性能和结构特点的介绍，悬架参数的确定，减 震器设计及计算过程，螺旋弹簧设计及设计过程，悬架刚度和挠度的计算以及各 零部件包括连接处的选择。并用 MATLAB 软件编程平顺性的分析，论证了该系 统设计方案的正确性和可行性。 在对样车悬架进行平顺性分析中，建立
2、了两自由度的平顺性分析模型，分别 绘制车身加速度幅频特性曲线、相对动载幅频特性曲线、弹簧动挠度幅频特性曲 线分析了悬架参数对汽车平顺性的影响。因此，这次设计的悬架系统具有良好的 行使平顺性。 关键词：悬架系统；减震器；螺旋弹簧；导向机构；平顺性 II Abstract With the development of the automobile industry, people have been promoting the requirement for the safety and ride comfort of vehicles. As a result there is a big d
3、emand on the suspension and the shock absorber system. The design of the mini-car suspension system is a practical sense. The project mainly includes the designs of the front and rear suspension system of the Chery Automobiles. The independent McPherson suspension in common use is adopted in both th
4、e front and the rear suspension system. The shock absorber with two-direction hydraulic-cylinder is applied here. This papers introduced the structure characteristics of the front and rear suspension, determined the suspension parameters, designed and calculated the shock absorbers and coil spring,
5、etc. Furthermore, a program for ride performance computation is compiled by using MATLAB software. In the suspension analysis of the sample car, a model with two degree of freedoms is established. Some curves for ride quality analysis are carried out. From the calculated curves, some topics on how t
6、he suspension parameters effect on the ride comfort are discussed. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that the current designed suspension system has a good ride performance. Key words: Suspension system; Shock absorber; Coil spring; Guidance mechanism; Ride performance III 目 录 第 1 章 绪 论. 1 1.1 悬架简介 1 1.2 设计要求： 2 第 2 章 前、后悬架结构的选择. 3 2.1 独立悬架结构特点. 3 2.2 独立悬架结构形式分析. 3 2.3 辅助元件. 4 第 3 章 技术参数确定与计算. 5 3.1 主要技术参数. 5 3.2 悬架性能参数确定. 5 3.3 悬架静挠度. 6 3.4 悬架动挠度. 6 3.5 悬架弹性特性曲线. 6 第 4 章 弹性元件的设计计算. 7 4.1 前悬
