1、I 摘 要 常压塔是石油加工中重要的流程之一，这次的设计主要就是对 125 万吨/年处 理量的原油常压塔进行设计，其中包括塔板的设计。 常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数 据，计算产品的相关物性数据从而确定切割方案、计算产品收率。参考同类装置 确定塔板数，进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位的操作温度及操作压力， 进行全塔热平衡计算。采取塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热、第一 中段回流取热、第二中段回流取热的比依次为 5:2:3。经过校核各主要部位温度都 在允许的误差范围内。 塔板型式选用 F1型重阀浮阀塔板，依据常压塔内最大气、液相负荷算得塔板 外径为
2、3.0m，板间距为 0.45m。这部分最主要的是核算塔板流体力学性能及操作 性能，使塔板在适宜的操作范围内操作。 本次设计的结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值间的误差在允许范围内，其余 均在经验值范围内，因此可以确定，该蒸馏塔的设计是符合要求的。 关键词：常压塔，浮阀塔板，流体力学。 II Abstract Atmospheric distillation of petroleum processing is one of important processes .A atmosperic distillation column ,which is able to treat crucd oil
3、 125Mt a year ,is designed mainly , including the design of plate. The design of atmosperic distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the oil and of Engler distilltion of the products. The calculation of products phsical property parameters and the cut conceptual and pr
4、oducts yields are also dased on the datum. The tray number ,the feed tray and the side stream withdrawal tray are determined by referring to the same king unit .The following work is to assume the operating temperature and pressure of all the imporant points of the column and to make the energy bala
5、nce calculation for the whole column. To take the top two cooling and condensing , the two back to the middle and the top heat, get back to the middle of the first heat, second heat back to the middle followed by the 5:2:3 ratio. After checking, all the major parts of the temperature are in the rang
6、e of allowable error. A type of F 1valve tary is be chosen . Atmospheric tower based on the most gas, liquid external diameter of the load tray can be 3.0m, plate spacing of 0.45m. In this section , The most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of the tray .The tray should be operatd in a proper area . The design results show that the results of parameter calibration values and assumptions of the error are in the allowable range, and the rem
