1、 生态景观设计的原则生态景观设计的原则 Principles of Ecological Landscape Design 学 部（院）： 建筑与艺术学院 专 业：艺术设计（环境艺术设计） 学 生 姓 名： 学 号： 指 导 教 师： 完 成 日 期： Complex Creations: Designing and Managing Ecosystems A dragonfl y fl its over the sun-mirrored surface of a pond, snapping at hatching mosquitoes before com- ing to rest on
2、an overhanging rush. This is an ecosystem: animals, plants, and their physical environ- ment linked together in the exchange of energy and materials. If this were our pond, our ecosystem, we would have it all: a beautiful landscape feature, enlivened by creatures we never had to care for, and hassle
3、-free pest control. Ecosystems like this pond do quiet, crucial work, keeping alive the biosphere of which we are a part. Where such a natural pond, or a forest or fl oodplain, exists, it behooves us to protect it. Where one has been degraded, we would be well served to restore it (see chap. 10). Bu
4、t where such ecosystems have been plowed under or paved over, we can endeavor to replace them by fi lling the built environment not just with lawns and plazas and fountains but withecosystems. An ecosystem consists of all of the living organisms in an area along with their physical environ- ment, an
5、d its properties arise from the interactions between these components. An ocean bay is an ecosystem, as is an alpine meadow or a green roof. Perhaps because of their clear boundaries, lakes and streams were important objects of study in the development of ecosystem ecology. Where bound- aries are le
6、ss distinct, the limits ofan ecosystem can be defi ned,even arbitrarily,based on the question an ecologist is studying or the boundaries of a designers site. Designed landscapes already bring together a manipulated physical environment and living or- ganisms. They do not necessarily function as natural ecosystems do, however. They are disconnect- ed, too often wasteful and demanding, or else they simply fail to thrive. When we succeed in creat- ing integrated ecosystems
