1、 摘要 I 小型简易雕刻机设计小型简易雕刻机设计 摘摘 要要 数控雕刻机是一种用于雕刻加工的机电一体化机床，它能加工的材料的范围非常广， 既可以加工铜、铝等金属材料，又可以加工塑料、陶瓷、石材等非金属材料，因此被广泛 应用于各行各业，具有非常广阔的市场前景。数控雕刻机的使用大大提高了雕刻加工的效 率，给制造业的发展提供了动力。 数控雕刻机通过其控制系统来控制步进电机和电主轴运转，步进电机再通过联轴器带 动丝杠转动，丝杠再带动丝杠螺母及与其固定的各部件做直线进给运动，同时电主轴再带 动刀具回转，从而实现雕刻机在 X、Y、Z 三个方向上的雕刻加工。 本设计采用步进电机作为各向进给运动的驱动电机，较
2、伺服电机其控制更简单，成本 更低。采用滚珠丝杠螺母副和弹性联轴器作为主要传动部件，较齿轮传动其平稳性更好、 结构更紧凑，加工精度更容易保证。采用直线滚动导轨作为导向部件，较真线滑动导轨其 摩擦系数更小、定位精度更高、寿命更长且不易出现爬行现象。 本设计的预期目的是通过设计来实现对基于单片机控制的数控雕刻机进行三轴联动 控制，通过对数控雕刻机的机械系统的总体设计、机械系统主要零部件的设计以及控制系 统的设计，最终使所设计的数控雕刻机能够完成在 X、Y、Z 三个方向上的雕刻加工，达到 了预期目的。 关键词关键词：雕刻机雕刻机；数控机床；数控机床 ；设计；设计 Abstract II The Des
3、ign Of Small Simple Engraving Machine Abstract CNC engraving machine is a mechatronics machine tool used for carving processing, it can be processed materials range is very wide, can be processing copper, aluminum and other metal materials, and processing non-metallic materials such as plastic, cera
4、mic, stone, therefore they are widely used in all walks of life, has very broad market prospects. The use of CNC engraving machine greatly improve the efficiency of the carving process, provided the impetus to the development of manufacturing industry. CNC engraving machine, through its control syst
5、em to control the step motor and electric spindle, stepper motor through coupling drive screw rotation, again lead screw drive screw nut and its fixed parts do linear feed movement, motorized spindle drive tool rotary again at the same time, so as to realize engraving machine in X, Y, Z three direct
6、ions of carving processing. This design adopts stepper motor to feed movement as the drive motor, servo motor control is more simple, the cost is lower. The ball screw nut pair and elastic coupling as the main transmission parts, gear drive its better stability, structure is more compact, more easy to guarantee machining accuracy. With linear rolling guide as guide parts, truer line slide guide its smaller friction coefficient, positioning accuracy is higher, longer life and not easy to
