1、 第 I 页 摘要摘要 塔式起重机具有工作效率高，回转半径大，起升度高的特点，在工业和建 筑领域得到广泛应用，已经成为建筑行业的重要施工设备。目前产品向极大化 发展，特别是大型结构件的优化设计，如何从优化和分析出发，建立系统模型， 确定基本性能和结构参数，为后续设计提供科学依据，显得非常重要。 本文以 QTZ125 水平变幅式塔式起重机的桁架结构为研究对象，研究在最 大幅度工况下起重臂的优化。采用理论计算与有限元计算相结合的方法，精简 设计变量，提高优化计算效率，同时充分考虑各约束条件、并选择适合该臂架 结构优化的最佳优化算法，以保证结果最优。结果显示优化后的臂架重量有所 减轻。 本文利用 A
2、NSYS 软件建立起重臂处于独立式塔机的模型，确定正常风载 荷下满载工况，对其进行时间历程响应分析。在此基础上对独立式塔机臂架进 行变幅工况的动态特性讨论，分析塔机臂架位移与应力的时间历程情况，得出 该工况下的位移响应曲线具有一定的规律性。 通过建立 QTZ125 水平臂架的有限元模型，优化设计和时间历程响应分析 结果满足要求。这对优化臂架结构具有一定的价值，为起重机结构设计人员提 供了有益的参考。 关键词：关键词：塔式起重机，水平臂架，有限元模型，优化设计，时间历程响应分析 第 II 页 Abstract Tower crane, with the characteristic of hig
3、h efficiency, large radius and great lifting height, today, widely used in the field of industry and civil buildings, has become a major equipment in the construction industry. Therefore, to maximize product development, it is becoming increasingly important to design the large-scale structure, in p
4、articular large-scale structure. Meanwhile we should provide a scientific basis for the detailed design by starting from the optimization design, building accurately system model and determining the basic properties parameter. The trolley of QTZ125 tower crane is taken as the research object. The st
5、ructure optimization method is researched in the largest amplitude working conditions, elevations and beams. In order to reduce the design variables and improve the calculation efficiency, mathematical calculation and the finite element method were combined to calculate the dangerous working conditi
6、on for boom structure optimization. In order to ensure optimal results, the constraint and the optimal algorithm were taken account during the calculation. The result shows that the weight of boom had been reduced. This paper established independent tower cranes finite element model in a typical location and analyzed time history situation of displacement of the type cranes of full load with normal state of the wind load by ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of independent tower crane were d
