1、中国铁矿石进口的经验教训与对策研究 摘 要：随着我国钢铁工业的快速发展，钢铁工业基础原料铁矿石的需求随之骤增，中国国 内铁矿石的供给越来越不能满足日益增长的钢铁业需要。作为世界上铁矿石第一大进口国，中国本应 拥有相当的定价权，但国际上少数发达国家的跨国公司的寡头市场主导了国际市场的定价，使得占半 壁江山的中国在历年铁矿石进口谈判中处于被动地位。 本文从中国铁矿石市场入手，对中国铁矿石进口中的经验教训及对策建议进行了研究。首先阐述 现有全球铁矿石的资源分布，说明中国铁矿石的资源分布特点，在此基础上介绍由主要供给商形成的 寡头市场，以及主要需求方中国历年来铁矿石的需求增长状况。其次，通过回顾自 2
2、004 年至今 七年来的铁矿石谈判历程， 总结中国铁矿石进口中取得的成功经验以及历年来痛失定价话语权等沉痛 教训。再次，从经济学的角度即依据市场供求与谈判博弈理论深入研究铁矿石进口中存在的问题。最 后基于上述三个部分的分析提出实质性的改善中国铁矿石进口的对策与建议。 关键词：铁矿石，进口，价格，经验，教训 Abstract：With the rapid development of Chinas steel industry, the raw materials of steel industry - iron ores demand increases suddenly along with
3、 it, Chinas domestic iron ore supply cannot meet the growing needs of the steel industry. As the worlds largest iron ore importer, China should have considerable pricing power, but a few developed countries in the international market-led multinational oligopoly pricing in international markets, mak
4、ing China account for half of iron ore in the calendar year imports in a passive position in negotiations. From the start of Chinese iron ore market, Chinas iron ore imports in the lessons learned and countermeasures were studied. First described the distribution of existing resources in the global
5、iron ore, indicating distribution of Chinas iron ore resources, introduced on this basis formed by the major supplier of oligarch markets, and the main demand side - the demand for iron ore over the years growth conditions. Second, by reviewing the past seven years since 2004 the iron ore negotiatio
6、ns process, summed up Chinas iron ore imports in the experience and success over the years lost lessons of the pricing right words. Again, from an economic point of view that is based on game theory and negotiations on market supply and demand of iron ore imports in-depth study of the problems. Finally based on the above three partial analyses proposed that substantive improves the Chinese iron ore import the countermeasure and the suggestion. Key words：Iron ore, Import, Price, Experi
