1、摘 要 压力容器是承压并具有爆炸危险的特种设备，一旦发生爆炸或者泄漏事故， 往往并发引起火灾或中毒等重大伤亡，严重影响社会生产和经济发展，人民的生 命和财产将蒙受巨大损失，同时直接影响社会生活的安定。压力容器在使用过程 中会产生各种缺陷，对这些缺陷进行安全评估是安全生产的必要工作。 本文以断裂力学为理论基础， 利用断裂力学理论及数值分析方法从而更能准 确的反映出压力容器在不同裂纹尺寸和不同裂纹类型下的疲劳寿命。 判断含裂纹 缺陷压力容器运行的安全性与可靠性的目的在于减少不必要的停产以及维修， 从 而提高经济性和设备的可靠性，因此本课题的研究更加具有实用意义。并且通过 有限元软件 ANSYS，建
2、立该表面裂纹缺陷的二维平面模型和三维有限元模型，模 拟计算最能反映出该裂纹前沿状态的重要参量应力强度因子值， 并分析有限弹 性体高度和长度的变化对应力强度因子值大小的影响。 以上研究的结果为该设备 的安全使用和可靠性评价提供了理论依据。 关键词：裂缝；有限元；应力集中；结构分析；应力强度因子 Abstract Pressure vessels are special pressured equipments with explosion hazard.Heavy casualties such as fire disaster and poisoning caused by explosion
3、 or leakage seriously will seriously affect social production,economic development,and peoples lives and property.Therefore,security evaluation on the defects during the process of use is necessary to ensure safety production. This Paper is based on fracture mechanics，this method that using the theo
4、ry of fracture mechanics and numerical analysis is in order to define an accurate fatigue life of the pressure vessel at different crack size and form.To determine the safety and reliability of the pressure vessel which containing crack defect aimed to reduce unnecessary shutdowns and maintenance，th
5、erefore，it enhance the economy and reliability of the equipment.So the study of this topic has more practical significance.And by the use of the finite element software-ANSYS ,the paper establishes a Surface crack 3-D model，simulates an important parameter-the stress Intensity factor，that can best r
6、eflect the status of the crack front.This paper also analyses the change of the stress intensity factor value which is influenced by the limited elastomers height and weight.These results of the study Provide a theoretical basis for the safe use and reliability evaluation of the equipment. Key word: Crack; Finite element; Stress concentration; Structural analysis; SIF 第 1 章 概述 有资料表明，目前我国压力容器供方市场已有 2700 余家，已构成规模大， 装备强，覆盖面广，技术力量强，素质高的生产厂家。并且我国已形成 ASME 产 品协作网，中小压力容器厂商联合会，已创建压力容器协会，这均是很有前景的 横向联合的
