1、 毕业设计说明书 基于 PIC单片机电动机智能软起动控制器设 计 学 院:电气与电子工程学院 专 业: 自动化 学生姓名: 学 号: 指导教师: 2012 年 6 月 摘要 I 摘要 本设计是一个电动机软启动控制系统,对电动机的启动进行控制,使大容 量电动机的启动电压从某一值逐步升高,以减少电动机的启动电流,从而保护 电机和周边的用电设备。 在大型电动机的启动过程中,往往会存在很大的冲击电流,污染电网,损 坏电机绕组。针对此,需要对大中型异步电机在启动时的冲击电流问题及各类 降压启动的方式进行分析研究。引出启动装置软启动器的原理、功能和特点, 以及针对软启动出现的问题提出改进意见和观点,对于完
2、善软启动器在控制功 能和普及应用起到探讨作用。 由于现代技术快速的发展,智能方式的软启动器得到人们广泛应用。智能 的软起动器是一种用来控制异步电动机的新设备,它集成了电动的机软启动、 软停车和轻载节能,还有多种保护功能为一起电动机控制装置,在国外把它称 为 Soft Starter。它不仅实现了在整个起动过程中无冲击而平滑的启动电机,而且 可根据电动机负载的特性来调节启动过程中的参数,如限流值、起动时间等。 设计的电机软启动控制器是专为中高压三相交流电机降低启动电流而它在 大功率电机启动过程中,通过控制电机的电流,避免直接启动中启动电流和冲击 力对电机自身、电机负载、电网以及同电网其他设备造成
3、的影响和损害,提高 电网的工作效率,从而达到启动和保护设备的作用。 关键词:电动机,软启动,单片机 Abstract II Abstract The design is an electric motor soft start control systems, control the motor starting, the start of large-capacity motor voltage is gradually increased from a value, in order to reduce the starting current of the motor, thereby
4、protecting the motor and the surrounding electrical equipment. Large motor starting process, often there will be a great impact on current, the grid of pollution, damage to the motor windings. For this, the need for large and medium-sized induction motor during start-up the impact of current problem
5、s and various buck starts were analyzed. Leads to the boot device soft-start principle, functions and features, as well as for the soft-start problems and suggest improvements and point of view, to explore the role play to improve the soft-start control functions and wider application of. Due to the
6、 rapid development of modern technology, the soft-start of the smart way people widely used. Intelligent soft starter is used to control asynchronous motors of the new equipment, which integrates the electric machine soft start, soft stop and light-load energy-saving, there are a variety of protection functions with the motor control device, it said in a foreign country the Soft the Starter. It is not only in the entire starting process no impact on the smooth star