1、中文中文 2100 字字，1400 单词，单词，8300 英文字符英文字符 文献出处：文献出处：Jarvis D S L. Race for the money: international financial centres in AsiaJ. Journal of International Relations financial clustering; financial sector depth; Hong Kong; international financial centres; Shanghai; Singapore Explaining IFCs: location, dist
2、ribution and size Financial centers can be traced back as far as ancient times. One of the oldest cities in the world, Samarkand, for example, functioned as a major commercial center servicing the Silk Road between China and Europe (Minnelli 2006), providing brokerage, credit and allied services to
3、the trade caravans that plied its route. Marrakech, Babylon, Timbuktu and Constantinople too have each functioned as major financial centers at various points in time. In the 18th and 19th centuries, larger financial centers emerged to service regional and international markets as the volume of econ
4、omic exchanges and their complexity increased. Cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Florence, Hamburg, London, Milan, Paris, New York, Rome, Philadelphia, Turin, Venice, Genoa, Shanghai and Zurich, all emerged as leading centers of finance and commerce (Kaufman 2000; Fratianni 2007). Place t
5、heory While the role and functionality of IFCs is relatively uncontested in the literature, less so are the explanatory models explaining their location and the determining variables responsible for their size and spatial distribution? Here the literature is split between four separate but related s
6、chools of thought. The first reflects a long tradition of spatial analysis and explanatory variables such as hinterland proximity, geographic clustering and scale economies to explain the size, distribution and services composition of IFCs. Much of this literature has a distinctly geographic-theoretical lens, where the geography of space explains the bespoke configuration of financial centers, their size, distribution and their relationship to the economic hinterlands they service (Bertaud 20
