1、 1 摘要 在交通土木工程中，工程构造物主要指路基、路面、桥涵、隧道及其附属构 造物和排水构造物。在路基施工前，通过测量放样确定路线中线桩、公路用地界 桩、路堑坡顶、路堤坡脚、边沟等构造物的施工位置；在施工过程中，通过测量 放样对工程构造物外形几何尺寸进行控制和检测，及时修正偏差，以准确体现设 计意图；在工程竣工后，通过测量对工程进行质量检查和验收。实践证明，精确 地测量放样能准确控制施工质量和节约工程成本。因此，施工放样是工程施工过 程中的重要一环，它贯穿工程施工全过程。本文对其进行了一些探讨. 公路工程施工放样的依据是公路工程技术标准，各种构造物的施工技术 规范、规程、测量规范等以及工程设
2、计图纸。测量放样工作应遵循从整体到局部 的原则，先进行控制测量，再进行细部放样测量。通过控制测量，建立起平面控 制点和高程控制点与工程构造物特征点之间的平面位置和高程的几何联系。 以平 面控制点的坐标和高程控制点的高程为依据，利用传统测量仪器进行距离、高程 和角度的测量放样或者利用全站仪和 GPS 进行三维坐标放样来确定工程构造物 特征点在实地上的空间位置。在放样过程中，工程设计图纸是图解控制点和工程 构造物特征点之间几何关系的依据；现行的施工技术规范、规程，以及测量规范 是核查放样结果精度的依据。只有利用精度符合标准的几何数据，才能精确地测 定工程构造物特征点的准确位置，以指导施工。 关键词
3、:路桥施工 测量 恢复定线 ABSTRACT In the traffic in civil engineering, constructions mainly refers to the subgrade pavement, Bridges, tunnels and affiliated installations and drainage structures. Before the construction of the subgrade by measuring the Central Line lofting determines the route of pile, highway
4、 land boundary markers, cut slopes, embankment slope toe, ditches, etc to slope construction position; In the construction process, through the measurement of lofting constructions geometry size shape control and testing, modify the deviation to accurately represent the design purpose; In the projec
5、t is completed, through the measurement of engineering quality inspection and acceptance. Practice has proved, accurately measuring lofting can accurately control construction quality and saving the cost for the project. Therefore, construction lofting project construction process is the important l
6、ink, its throughout the project construction process. This paper discussed the some. The highway engineering construction lofting are based on the highway engineering technical standard “, all kinds of slope construction technical specifications, procedures, measurement standard and the engineering drawings. Measuring lofting work should follow the principle of from the whole to the local and go to the control measure, and then to detail moulding survey. Through the control measure, establis
