1、 1 摘摘 要要 在大规模进行高等级公路建设的同时，人们清楚地意识到勘测质量的好坏直接影响 着整个工程的质量。 但遗憾的是， 公路勘测设计仍然没有摆脱传统的勘测设计模式和方法， 严重地制约了高等级公路建设地发展。如何有效地加快勘测速度，优化设计方案是设计人 员面临的重要任务。 随着计算机技术、遥感技术、测量技术及其相关技术不断发展，GPS 已不单单是个概 念，它不断影响着传统的测量方式。GPS 线路控制开始提出并逐渐成现实。 GPS 作为新一代的卫星导航和定位系统，不仅具有全球性、全天候、连续性、实时性 的精密三维导航与定位能力，而且具有良好的抗干扰性和保密性。相对于经典测量学说， GPS 定
2、位技术具有观测点之间无需通视、定位精度高、观测时间短、提供三维坐标、操作 简便以及全天候作业等主要特点。给公路测设事业注入了新的活力。 关键词关键词：GPS ； 测量测量 ； 精度；精度； 线路控制线路控制 2 Abstract In the large-scale proceeding high grade road that people clearly be aware that surveying quantity directly affect the quantity of whole engineering. But it is regret that the highway s
3、urvey design still did not get away from the traditional surveying design mode and method, which seriously limit the development of high grade road. How to increase surveying speed and the design project is an important mission that design people must to face. Along with the high-speed development o
4、f computer, remote sensing, survey technique and correlative techniques, GPS already is not only a concept, it continuously affecting traditional survey method. The circuit with GPS controlled bringing up and come true. GPS is a new satellite navigates position system, it not only have global, all-w
5、eather, consecution, timely three dimension navigate with the fixed position ability, but also have the interference of good anti- with keep secret. Opposite to classic survey theory, GPS have no to need to see each other and have many advantages such as high position accuracy, short prognosticate t
6、ime, offering three dimension, easy operation and all-weather working. Three advantages gave road surveying new vitality. Keywords: GPS ； Survey； Accuracy ；Line control 3 目 录 1 前言 . 4 2 GPS 系统的概述 . 5 2. 1 简介 5 2. 2 GPS 系统的构成 . 7 2. 3 GPS 接收机如何分类 8 2. 4 GPS 的应用特点及我国 GPS 发展现状 9 3 线路控制测量 .12 3. 1 简介 12 3. 2 线路控制的任务和内容 12 3.3 线路工程 GPS 控制网的建立 .13 3.4 GPS 控制网的布设.15 3.5 GPS 控制网的观测工作16 4 RTK 在线路控制中的作用 19 4.1 RTK 技术简介 .19 4.2 RTK 的原理 20 4.3 RTK 组成 .20 4.4 RTK 正常工作的基本条件：21 4.5 RTK 数据链的传输特性及 RTK
