1、 基于传声器阵列的声源定位基于传声器阵列的声源定位 摘要摘要 :基于传声器阵列的声源定位是指将若干个传声器按照一定的 几何结构排列, 组成传声器阵列,通过阵列信号处理的方法对该阵列接收 到的声源信号进行处 理,根据所得数据确定出声源的几何位置。基于传声 器阵列的声源定位技术在视 频会议、目标定位、语音识别、声音检测及语 音增强等领域有重要的应用价值。 它可以以电子瞄准的方式对准声源而不 需要人为地移动传声器,.弥补了单个传声 器在噪声处理和声源定位方面的 不足,有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要对基于传 声器阵列的声源定位技术 领域中的基于时延的定位理论进行了研究。 在时延估计算法方面 , 本文详细
2、研究了广义互相关 (GCCGCC)时延估计算法, 对其作详细的数学推导,论述各种加权函数的形式及性能特点,并针对传统 GCC GCC 算法的缺点,提出改进算法,提髙其抗噪声和混响的能力;同时研究了 基于最小 均方(LMSLMS)的自适应时延估计法,给出结构模型和算法公式,分 别论述其在时 域和频域的实现形式,并进行改进,以提高时延估计的精度; 另外,还讨论了基 于信号初始段包络和基于髙阶统计量的时延估计法。 在阵列布设方面,本文重点研究了平面四元阵和平面五元阵的定位原理 和算法,并进行误差分析和仿真比较。 最后,提出一种实际可行的基于广义互相关的声源定位方法,仿真结果 表明,改进的广义互相关法
3、具有较好的性能,可考虑在实际中使用。 关键词关键词 :传声器阵列 声源定位 时延估计 广义互相关 自适 应滤波 ABSTRACT: Acoustic source localization with microphone arrays refers to that the location of acoustic source is determined by the signal imformation received from several microphones arrayed with a certain geometric structure.Acoustic source lo
4、calization techniques have a variety of important uses in videoconferencing,targetsdirection finding,speech recognition,sound detection and speech enhancement.An array of microphones has a number of advantages over a single_microphone system. It may be electronically aimed to provide a high-quality
5、signal from desired source localization and does not require physical movement to alter these microphones direction of reception,It has capabilities that a single microphone does not,particularly noise processing and acoustic source localization. The work presented in this thesis is based on one sta
6、te-of-art framework used in acoustic source localization with microphone arrays, time delay estimation based on acoustic source localization. First, the algorithms on time delay estimation are researched., especially the theory of generalized cross-correlation method, what is more,the traditional method of generalized cross-correlation was developed ,sepecifically usefulness to background noise and room reverberation aliminationand the results of computer simulation shows that t