1、 摘 要 脱碳工段是合成氨工程中必不可少的工段之一，二氧化碳吸收塔和溶液再 生塔是脱碳过程中不可缺少的塔设备。合成氨厂无论使用何种原料制成原料气， 经变换后，都含有大量的二氧化碳。这些二氧化碳如果不在合成氨工序前及时 除净，氨的合成就无法进行下去；另一方面，二氧化碳本身是制取尿素、碳酸 氢铵等产品的原料，也可加工成干冰、食品级二氧化碳。二氧化碳吸收塔的设 计具有回收二氧化碳的功能。 本文权衡众多合成氨脱碳方法之利弊，最终选择碳酸丙烯酯脱碳法。首先 进行工艺流程分析并根据工艺参数及有关标准进行二氧化碳吸收塔和解析塔内 的物、热量衡算；其次就二氧化碳吸收塔、溶液再生塔等设备利用物理吸收机 理、传质
2、传热方程、溶液物性数据等方面的知识进行塔体的总体结构设计和计 算。 关键词： 碳酸丙烯酯法；脱碳工艺；工程设计 Abstract Decarbonizing section is one of the absolutely necessary sections in the Synthetic Ammonia, and the Carbon dioxide absorption tower and the solution regeneration tower are indispensable tower equipment in the Synthetic Ammonia. Whether
3、 the ammonia plant use what raw materials to make feed gas, it contains large amount Carbon dioxide after transformation. The ammonia can not be synthesized if these Carbon dioxide are not removable in time. the other hand, the Carbon dioxide is the raw material of the urea and ammonium bicarbonate
4、etc,it can be processed carbon dioxide ice, food grade Carbon dioxide. Designing Carbon dioxide absorption tower is function to recovery Carbon dioxide. This paper tradeoff advantages and disadvantages of much approach to decarbonization, propylene carbonate (PC) decarboniza-tion is selected finally
5、. The technological process was analyzed, and the material and heat was balanced according to parameters and relevant standards firstly. The tower body general structure was designed calculation by using physical absorption Mechanism, mass transfer and heat transfer equation, solution -physical data
6、 stc secondly. And then the strength of the Carbon dioxide absorption tower and the solution regeneration tower are checked. The decarbonizing section structural arrangement was reasonable design finally. Key Words：Decarbonization process; Carbon dioxide removal with PC method; Proeess design 目 录 第 1 章 绪 论 - 1 - 1.1 合成氨工业概况 - 1 - 1.1.1 我国合成氨工业发展概况 - 1 - 1.1.2 发展趋势. - 2 - 1.1.3 合成氨生产工艺简述 - 2 - 1.1.4 合成氨工业中脱碳单元的作用 - 3 - 1.1.5 脱碳方法概述 . - 3 - 1.2 净化工序中脱碳方法 - 3 - 1.2.1 化学吸收法 . - 3 - 1.2.2 物理吸收法 .
