1、6700 英文单词，英文单词，36500 英文字符英文字符，中文中文 1.1 万字万字 文 献 出 处 ：文 献 出 处 ： Brewer T L. Black carbon emissions and regulatory policies in transportationJ. Energy Policy, 2019, 129: 1047-1055. Black carbon emissions and regulatory policies in transportation Thomas L. Brewer Abstract The paper assesses evidence co
2、ncerning the effects of transportations black carbon emissions on climate change, public health, and food production; and it discusses policy issues posed by the emissions. Black carbon emission mitigation policies at all levels offer signifi cant potential climate, health, and food co-benefi ts, an
3、d they are attractive in terms of economic cost-effectiveness and political feasibility. The paper presents an analysis of regulatory issues in maritime shipping and aviation, which are increasingly salient, and which are largely in- dependent of the revelations of diesel gate in the motor vehicle i
4、ndustry. Yet, there are linkages in the technological and policy issues of the motor vehicle industry and issues confronting maritime shipping and aviation. Black carbon emissions are among the core regulatory policy issues in all three industries, and they have not been adequately addressed by poli
5、cymakers. The paper concludes with specifi c policy recommendations at all governance levels. Keywords: Black carbon ；Soot ；Transportation ；Regulation ；Policies 1. Introduction The air pollution policy agenda in transportation includes a rich mixture of issues in the motor vehicle, maritime shipping
6、 and aviation sectors. A common feature among the sectors is that black carbon (BC) emissions are a hazard to public health; in addition, BCs contributions to global climate change and its damage to food production are in- creasingly salient. Despite common elements in BC problems across transportation sectors, there are signifi cant differences in mitigation policy issues and options. An understanding of the policy issues and options requires a basic knowledge of key concepts and facts
