1、外文原文：http:/ 4273 字 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 学 院 电 气 与 电 子 工 程 专业班级 电气工程及其自动化班级 指导教师 姓 名 外文出处 ISIwebofknowledge 2014 年 6 月 1 日 1
2、 SolarTrackingSystem:MoreEfficientUseofSolarPanels AbstractThispapershowsthepotentialsystembenefitsofsimpletrackingsolarsystemusingasteppermotorandlightsensor.Thismethodisincreasingpowercollectionefficiencybydevelopingadevice thattracksthesuntokeepthepanelatarightangletoitsrays.Asolartr
3、ackingsystemisdesigned,implementedandexperimentallytested.Thedesign details and the experimentalresults areshown. KeywordsRenewableEnergy, Power Optimization. I. INTRODUCTION Energymeansthepowerwhichdoesworkanddrivesmachines.Alllivingthings(includinghumans)relyonthesunasasourceofenergy.C
4、oal,petroleum,andnaturalgasareenergysourcesavailabletodaybecauseorganismsinthepastcapturedunlightenergyandstoreditinthecomplexorganicmoleculesthatmadeuptheirbodies,whichwerethencompressedandconcentrated.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,alargeofenergysourceshavebeenused,suchascoal,petroleum,naturalgas,geo
5、thermalenergy,nuclearfissionpower,nuclearfusionpower,solarenergy,andHydrogengas.however,underthecircumstances,thequantityofenergysourceislimited.unlimitedusageofenergysourceresults in energycrisis. Atpresent,mostoftheenergyconsumedbyhumansisproducedfromfossifuels.Thegreatestrecoverablefossilisinthef
6、ormofcoalandlignite.Althoughworldcoalresourcesareenomousandpotentiallycanfillenergyneedsforacenturyortwo,theirutilizationislimitedbyenvironmentaldisruptionfromminingandemissionsofcarbondioxideandsulfurdioxide.Thesewouldbecomeintolerablelongbeforecoalresourceswereexhausted.Onlyasmallpercentageofcoala
7、ndlignitehasbeenutilizedtodate,whereasmuchoftherecoverablepetroleumandnaturalgashasalreadybeenconsumed.Petroleumhasseveralcharacteristicsthatmake itsuperiortocoalasasource ofenergy.Itsextractioncauses lessenvironmental damagethandoescoalmining.Itis amoreconcentratedsourceofenergythancoal,anditburnsw
8、ithlesspollution,anditcanbemoved easilythrough pipes. These characteristicsmakeit anideal fuel forautomobiles. Sincefirstcommercialoilwellin1859,somewhatmorethan100millionbarrelsofoilhavebeenproducedintheUnitedStates,mostofitinrecentyears.In1990worldpetroleumconsumptionwasatarateofabout65millionbarr
9、elsperday.Projecteduseofpetroleumandnaturalgasindicatesrapiddepletion.Alaskanoilcanhelpthepetroleum 2 supplyonlytemporarily.Peakworldpetroleum resourcesproductionwill be reachedwithin a fewyears. Sincethefirst"energycrisis"of1973-1974,someconcreteactionshaveeventakenplace.How
10、ever,theseveral-foldincreaseincrudeoilpricessince1973hasextactedatoll.IntheU.S.andotherindustrializednations,theeconomyhasbeenplaguedbyinflation,recession,unemployment,andobsolescenceofindustrialequipment.Theeconomiesofsome petroleum-deficientdeveloping countries have beendevastatedbyenergyprices. E
11、nergycrisiswasaccompaniedbyworldwideshortagesofsomefoodsandminerals,followedinsomecasesbysurpluses,suchasthesurpluswheatresultingfromincreasedplantingandacoppersurplusresultingfromtheeffortsofcopper-producingnationstoacpuireforeign currencybycopper export. Asknowntoall,theavailabilityandcostofenergy
12、hasbecomedominantfactorsinsocietytoday.Obviously,solvingthe"energycrisis"makesgoodsense.Manyschemeshasbeenproposedforconservingpresentenergyresourcesandfordevelopingnewones.Itisalwayspossibletouselessenergyinanyprocess.Therefore,energyengineeriscreatedanddeveloped.Thefirstgoalofenergyengin
13、eeristodeterminethemethodsbywhichenergyutilization is reduced but theoutput remains the same,orevenincreases.The secondgoal is to determinewhich methods of usingless energyare costeffective. Conventionalengineeringtechniquesareusedtoevaluatedthemechanismsofenergyuse.Economicconsiderationsareofequali
14、mportanceandlifecyclecostandsavingtechniques areused to determine cost-effective measures. Theevaluation focuses onthoseuseswhicharesignificantintheoverallpictureandattemptstodeterminethosetechnicalmeasures that can reduce usage andsavemoney. Meanwhile,lookingforidealenergysourcesisalsoveryimportant
15、tosolveenergycrisis. Therecipe for an ideal energysourcecalls foronethat is unlimited in supply, widelyavailable,andinexpensive；itshouldnotaddtotheearth'stotalheatburdenorproducechemicalairandwaterpollutants.Solarenergyfulfillsallofthesecriteria.Solarenergydoesnotaddexcessheattothatwhichmustbera
16、diatedfromtheearth.Onaglobalbasis,utilizationofonlyasmallfractionofsolarenergyreachingtheearthcouldprovideforallenergyneeds. Solarenergyisunlimitedinsupply,butitsexploitationandutilizationarelimitedowingtothelimitationoftechnologyandconditions.Solarenergyutilizationneedsanenormousamountofland,andthereareeconomicandenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtotheuseofevenafractionofthisamountoflandforsolarenergycollection.Certainly, manyresidentsofArizonawouldnotbepleasedathavingsomuchofthestatedevotedto
