1、外文资料翻译 Power supply system of high-rise building design Abstract: with the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore high-rise building electrical design to thedesigners had to face. In this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of hig
2、h-rise buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described. Key words: high-rise building； electrical design； distribution； load calculation 1 Project Overview Thecommercial complex project,wit
3、h a total construction area of 405570m2,on the ground floor area of272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. Project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m. 2 Load Calculation 1) Load characteristic
4、s: electric load, much larger than the national civil engineering technical measures Large 120W/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high. 2) the uncertainty of a large load, because the com
5、mercial real estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes. 3) There is no specification and technical measures in the different types of commercial projects refer to the detailed parameters of the shops, engineer
6、ing design load calculation in the lack of data, in most cases to rely on staff with previous experience in engineering design calculations. Load the selection of parameters: for the above problems, the load calculation, the first developer of sales and good communication, to determine the form of l
7、ayers of the forms and nature of floor area, which is calculated on the basis of electrical load basis； followed to determine parameter index within the unit area of shops is also very important and complex because there is no clear indicator of the specification can refer to； and different levels o
8、f economic development between cities is not balanced, power indices are also different； will be in the same city, different regions have different consumer groups . 3) the need to factor in the choice: parameters determined, the need for load calculation. Need to factor commonly used method, the ca
9、lculation will not repeat them. Need to explore is the need for coefficient selection, which in the current specifications, manuals and the unified technical measures is also not clear requirements, based on years of design experience that most end shops in the distribution or level within the house
10、hold distribution box with case Kx generally take a while, in the calculation of the loop route to take 0.7 to 0.8, the distribution transformers in the substation calculations take 0.4 to 0.6. 3 substations set Load calculation based on the results of this project the total installed capacity of tr
11、ansformer 43400Kv.A, after repeated consultations with the power company, respectively, in the project in northern, central and southern three sections set the three buildings into three power substations, 1 # set 6 sets 2500Kv.A transformer substation, take the northern section of power supply； 2 #
12、 4 1600Kv.A transformer substations located, plus 6 sets 2000Kv.A transformers, take the middle of the power supply, in addition to 5 Taiwan 10Kv.A high-pressure water chillers (total 4000Kv.A)； 3 # substation located 2 units plus 2 units 1000Kv.A 2000Kv.A transformers, take the southern section of
13、A, B two office supply. 10Kv power configuration of this project into two points, each at the two 10Kv lines, the power company under the provisions of 10Kv power capacity: maximum load per channel is about to 11000Kv.A, two is the 22000Kv.A, design # 1 , 3 # combination of a substation 10Kv, power
14、line, with a total capacity of 21000Kv.A； 2 # substation transformers and 10Kv, 10Kv chillers sharing a power line, with a total capacity of 22400Kv.A. The design of the substation layout, in addition to meeting regulatory requirements, it also need to consider the high-pressure cabinets, transforme
15、rs and low voltage power supply cabinet by order of arrangement, especially in low voltage distribution cabinet to feed the cable smooth and easy inspection duty problems are not seriously consider the construction of the cable crossing will cause more long detour, a waste of floor space, and conven
16、ient inspections and other issues【 8】 . 4 small fire load power supply In the design of large commercial projects often encounter small fire load of electrical equipment and more dispersed distribution, if fed by a substation, a substation will be fed a lot of low-voltage low-current counter circuit
17、 breaking capacity circuit breaker and conductor of the dynamic and thermal stability in a certain extent. According to GB50045-1995 fire protection design of tall buildings, rule should be used in Fire Equipment dedicated power supply circuit, the power distribution equipment shall be provided with
18、 clear signs. Interpretation of the provisions of the power supply circuit means from the low-voltage main distribution room (including the distribution of electrical room) to last a distribution box, and the general distribution lines should be strictly separated. In this design, the use of methods
19、 to increase the level of distribution, that is different from the substation bus segments, respectively, a fire fed a special circuit, set in place two distribution cabinets, distribution cabinets and then the resulting radial allocated to the end of the dual power to vote each box, so that not onl
20、y meets the specification requirements for dedicated power supply circuit, but also to avoid feeding the substation level of many small current loop. 5, the choice of circuit breaker and conductor Commercial real estate projects use the room as the uncertainty in the choice of circuit breakers and c
21、onductors must be considered in a certain margin to meet the needs caused by adjustment of the load changes. According to this characteristic, increased use in the design of the plug bus-powered, not only meet the requirements of large carrying capacity, and also allows the flexibility to increase s
22、upply and distribution, are reserved in each shaft in the plug-box backup in order to change, according to changes in upper and lower load, to adjust. For example: a bus is responsible for a shaft 1 to 3 layers of power, when a layer due to the change in capacity increases, while the 3-layer capacit
23、y is reduced, you can use a spare plug box layer off the 3-layer 1 layer capacity rationing . This level distribution in the substation, select the circuit breaker to choose the setting value when the circuit breaker to adjust to changes at the end to adjust the load setting value； in the bus and th
24、e transformer circuit breaker according to the choice of the general framework of values to select . For example: Route certain equipment capacity 530Kv, Kx take 0.7 to calculate current of 704A, select the frame circuit breaker is 1000A, tuning is 800A； current transformer for the 1000/50； bus carr
25、ying capacity for the 1000A, this road can meet the maximum 1000A current load requirements, even if there is adjustment, power distribution switches and circuit can not make big changes. 6 layer distribution box set According to the division of layers of fire protection district, respectively numbe
26、red as A K layers within the set level shaft for the retail lighting power distribution box, with one on one power supply shops in radial power. Should be noted that the forms of the complex layers of layers of fire partition, does not correspond to the lower, making some of shaft power in charge of
27、 the fire district at the same time, also responsible for the power supply adjacent to the fire district. At design time, using the principle of proximity, while also taking into account the burden of the whole trunk load conditions, so that each shaft as far as possible a more balanced load. Prereq
28、uisites The loop that you want to auto-tune must be in automatic mode. The loop output must be controlled by the execution of the PID instruction. Auto-tune will fail if the loop is in manual mode. Before initiating an auto-tune operation your process must be brought to a stable state which means th
29、at the PV has reached setpoint (or for a P type loop, a constant difference between PV and setpoint) and the output is not changing erratically. Ideally, the loop output value needs to be near the center of the control range when auto-tuning isstarted. The auto-tune procedure sets up an oscillation
30、in the process by making small step changes in the loop output. If the loop output is close to either extreme of its control range, the step changes introduced in the auto-tune procedure may cause the output value to attempt to exceed the minimum or the maximum range limit. If this were to happen, i
31、t may result in the generation of an auto-tune error condition, and it willcertainly result in the determination of less than near optimal suggested values. Auto-Hysteresis and Auto-Deviation The hysteresis parameter specifies the excursion (plus or minus) from setpoint that the PV (process variable) is allowed to make without causing the relay controller to change the output. This value is used to minimize the effect of noise in the PV signal to more accurately determine the natural oscillation frequency of the process.
