1、- 1 - THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE-CHIP First the development trend of single-chip It can be said now is a single-chip opinions of the period, the worlds major chip manufacturing companies have introduced their own single-chip, from the 8, 16-32, just to name a few, everything, it is compatible with ma
2、instream C51 series of , there are not compatible, but they own each other into each other, for SCM applications world wide. Throughout the development process of single-chip, you can indicate the development trend of single-chip, generally are: 1. Low-power CMOS technology MCS-51 series of 8031 int
3、roduced the power consumption of 630mW, and now widespread in the single-chip 100mW or so, with the growing demand for low-power single-chip, and now all the basic single-chip manufacturers are use of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor process). As the 80C51 on the use of HMOS (high densi
4、ty metal oxide semiconductor process) and CHMOS (high-density complementary metal oxide semiconductor process). Although the CMOS low power consumption, but because of its physical characteristics to determine its speed is not high enough, and then CHMOS with high-speed and low power consumption cha
5、racteristics of these features, it is more suitable in low power consumption, as battery-powered applications . Therefore, the process for some time to come will be the main way to develop single-chip 2. Of micro-chip Now are generally in conventional single-chip will be the central processing unit
6、(CPU), random access data storage (RAM), read-only program memory (ROM), parallel and serial communication interface, system interruption, timing circuits, integrated circuit clock in a single chip, enhanced single-chip integration, such as A / D converter, PMW (pulse width modulation circuit), WDT
7、(watchdog), and some will be single-chip LCD (LCD) driver integrated circuits are in a single chip, this unit includes single-chip circuits on more and more powerful features. Even single-chip manufacturers can also be tailored in accordance with the requirements of users, to create a single chip wi
8、th its own chip characteristics. In addition, the product is now the universal demand of small size, light weight, which requires in addition to powerful single-chip and low power consumption, but also its smaller size. Many now have a variety of single-chip package, which SMD (surface mount) is gai
9、ning popularity, making the system constituted by the single-chip micro-moving in the direction of development. 3. The mainstream and multi-species coexistence Although a wide variety of single-chip, unique, but still single-chip microcomputer 80C51 - 2 - prevailing at the core, compatible with its
10、structure and command system of PHILIPS products, ATMEL companys products and China Taiwans Winbond Series Single machine. Therefore, single-chip microcomputer as the core C8051 occupied the half. Microchips PIC and reduced instruction set (RISC) has a strong development momentum of China Taiwan HOL
11、TEK single-chip companies in recent years, increasing production, with its high quality low-cost advantages, to occupy a certain market share. MOTOROLA addition to the companys products, several large companies in Japans exclusive single-chip microcomputer. A certain period of time, this situation w
12、ill continue to be upheld, there will not be a single-chip monopoly domination, taking the complementary interdependence, complementarity and common development. Second the technical development of digital single-chip The number of single-chip technology is reflected in the internal structure, power
13、 consumption, as well as the external voltage level on the manufacturing process. In these areas, more typically describes the number of single-chip level. At the moment, users need more and more single-chip, but getting higher and higher requirements. The following four areas on which the technolog
14、ical progress that the situation of single-chip microcomputer. 1, the internal structure of the progress Single-chip integrated in-house has been an increasing number of parts, these parts include commonly used circuits, such as: timers, comparators, A / D converter, D / A converters, serial communi
15、cation interface, Watchdog circuit , LCD controller. Some single-chip control network in order to constitute or form a local network, the internal local area network control module contains the CAN. For example, Infineons C 505C, C515C, C167CR, C167CS-32FM, 81C90； Motorolas 68HC08AZ series. Especial
16、ly in the C167CS-32FM in single-chip, also contains two internal CAN. Therefore, such single-chip networks are very easy to pose. Especially in the control system more complicated, the constitute a very useful control network. In order to facilitate the use of variable frequency control of single-ch
17、ip, to form the most cost-effective embedded control systems. Some set up a special single-chip internal control for variable frequency pulse width modulation control circuit, the single-chip microcomputer has Fujitsus MB89850 series of companies, MB89860 series； Motorolas MC68HC08MR16, MR24 and so
18、on. In these single-chip, the pulse width modulation circuit 6-channel output, can produce three-phase PWM AC voltage, and internal control with dead-zone function. Of particular note are: It is now some have adopted the so-called single-chip trinuclear (TrCore) structure. This is a system-level chi
19、ps built on the (System on a chip) on the structure of the concept. This single-chip consists of three core components: a micro-controller and the DSP core, a data and program memory is nuclear and the last one is the external application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The most important featur
20、e of this single-chip is the DSP and - 3 - microcontroller at the same time do so in a chip. Although the structure definition, DSP is a type of single-chip, but its role is mainly seen in the high-speed computing and special treatment as above, such as fast Fourier transform. It combines traditiona
21、l single-chip integrated single-chip greatly enhanced functionality. This is the single-chip, one of the greatest progress. This single-chip microcomputer has the most typical Infineons TC10GP； Hitachis SH7410, SH7612 and so on. These are high-end single-chip single-chip, MCU is 32 and the DSP 16 or
22、 32-bit structure, the frequency of 60MHz or more generally. 2, power consumption, packaging and power supply voltage of the progress Now the new single-chip power consumption is getting smaller and smaller, especially the many single-chip are a variety of work settings, which include waiting, suspe
23、nded, sleep, idle, power-saving mode and so on. P87LPC762 single-chip company Philips is a very typical example, in idle, the power consumption is 1.5 mA, while in power-saving mode, the power consumption is only 0.5mA. In the most amazing power is TIs MSP430 family of single chip, it is a series of
24、 16, there are ultra-low power work. Its low-power way LPM1, LPM3, LPM4 three. When the power supply to 3V, if the work in the LMP1, even if the external circuit is active, inactive as a result of CPU, oscillator at 1 4MHz, when power consumption is only 50? A. In LPM3, the oscillator at 32kHz, this
25、 power consumption is only 1.3? A. In LPM4 when, CPU, peripherals and not the activities of 32kHz oscillator, the power consumption is only 0.1? A. Now the level of single-chip package has been greatly enhanced, with the emergence of chip technology, a large number of single-chip also used a variety
26、 of chip technology in line with the package appears to significantly reduce the volume. In this situation, Microchip has introduced the single-chip 8-pin special attention. This is PIC12CXXX series. It contains 0.5 2K program memory, 25 128 bytes of data memory, 6 I / O port and a timer, and some a
27、lso with four A / D, fully able to meet a number of low-grade system. To expand the scope of supply voltage and low voltage work is still today one of the objectives of single-chip development. At the moment, it can be single-chip 3.3 5.5V conditions. And some manufacturers, it can produce 2.2 6V to
28、 work under the conditions of the single chip. These single-chip companies are Fujitsus MB89191 89195, MB89121 125A, MB89130 series, it should be said that the companys F2MC-8L MCU meet the vast majority of the 2.2 6V operating voltage conditions. MSP430X11X and TIs family of operating voltage is as
29、 low as 2.2Vs. 3, the progress of technology Basically, the current single-chip CMOS technology used, but most use 0.6? M above the lithography process, there are individual companies such as Motorola Inc. have been using 0.35? M or even 0.25? M technology. These technological advances greatly improved the internal single-chip density and reliability.
