1、Energy and the Tall Build The tall building is emblematic of the modern city. Tall buildings are symbolic； they are iconic celebrations of achievement for corporations , cities and entire nations. The tall building typology has reached a scale of enormity and diversity of use .Functionally, the tall
2、 building responds to variable conditions as a result of our rapidly changing world market economy. Infrastructure must support a scalable reconfigurable workplace that facilitates expanding information and communication networks and must be designed to perform at optimum impact on the environment.
3、Buildings today consume far more resources than nature can sustain, causing an extreme imbalance in our natural ecosystems Sustainable design in architecture balances the ebbs and flows of natural ecosystems with economic and social mechanisms , so that what a building consumes in resources is balan
4、ced with the resources ability to recover ,leaving ample reserve for the needs of future generations. Globally, total energy demand is set to increase by 62% by the year of 2030 as rapid economic growth continues to expand the urban boundaries of cities around the world CO2 and smog-causing emission
5、s from fossil fuel-based energy consumption Threaten the health of our cities and feed the intensifying environmental devastation caused by global warming .Neutralizing the harmful effects of such energy use and transitioning towards a low carbon economy appears to be a daunting task. The issue is e
6、conomically sensitive and of an enormous scale that crosses international boarders .As architects can we really have a positive impact on this complex issue and help transit the world to a low carbon economy .？ The building industry represents 10% of the world economy. Huge amounts of resources are
7、consumed by the building industry: 17% of potable water, 25% of timber, and 50%of total global CO2 emissions, the most of any sector. This is where architects have a great opportunity. This is where architects have a great opportunity: Architects have a great opportunity: architects can control and
8、reduce building energy consumption by design .The issues ranging from how we commute to work to the kind of light bulb we turn on when we arrive home from work. The Central plant and Mixed Use Standard energy delivery systems have become antiquated and grossly inefficient Conventional thermoelectric
9、 stations convert only about 30% of the fuel energy into electricity. The remaining 70% is lost into electricity. The remaining 70 % is lost in the form of waste heat. Moving energy production to a central plant within the building stars to reduce these inefficiencies. Adding tri-generation technolo
10、gy that provides simultaneous production of power heat and cooling from a single energy source yields additional savings .waste heat from energy production is recover and used for free domestic hot water and space heating ,or in warmer climates waste heat can be run through heat absorption chillers
11、for supplemental cooling. Maximum reuse of waste energy depends on the building use. The typical tall building often function as a mono-use tower for either commercial or residential use. The single use typology has been driven for the most part by zoning and floor plates size requirements. Office f
12、loor plates are very deep to maximize structural efficiency while residential floor plates are shallower to allow for ample access to fresh air, daylight and views. With the new generation of super tower, We are now seeing multi-use programs with combined commercial office and residential components
13、. The bottom third may contain offices, followed by condominiums, then topped with a hotel. While this can be a design challenge, the energy use profile of the mixed use tower yields great potential for energy sharing. Design process The environmental impact of building is a global problem that must
14、 be addressed regionally. Unique climatic, social and economic conditions and their potential impact on a project must be carefully analyzed for unique design opportunities. For example, the arid climate of Spain is ideal for passive ventilation and cooling systems, while the pervasive humidity of H
15、ong Kong may prove a technical challenge for such a strategy. At the design phase, the energy performance of a project must be approached intelligently and holistically. There is no single universal solution, and every project is unique. An integrated multidisciplinary approach that views the buildi
16、ng as a system made up of interdependent architectural and engineering component yields higher performance and optimizes the management of energy and resources. In looking at the energy use profile of a typical office building, lighting, heating and cooling represent 2/3 of the total load. Targeting
17、 reductions in these categories yield the most value. However, indoor environmental quality for the occupant has a direct relationship to these loads, and occupant comfort must be not be compromised. Typical Building energy Use Profile The value of technology is often measured in terms of a cost ben
18、efit analysis, or payback period. As the payback extends for a specific design strategy these is less financial incentive for applying the technology. In regions where energy costs are low, Extended payback periods remain an obstacle to investing in many high performance system. However, there are s
19、everal low tech/low cost strategies that can have significant impact on a buildings energy performance. Building form , orientation, and fenestration are component of every building. Proper building orientation alone can reduce a buildings cooling loads by 5%. Proper fenestration and shading can help protect a structure from unwanted heat gain caused by direct solar exposure during cold months .Well designed fenestration can also maximize daylight penetration and reduce use of
