1、 1 毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 课题名称： 延边特产“海兰江苹果梨”的个性化包装设计 专 业： 包装工程 姓 名： 董开桥 班级学号： 05 指导教师： 秦静 二一一 年 四 月 六 日 2 Green Packaging ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY products are likely to find increasing favor as environmental awareness and sustainability are increasingly linked to health, organic and natural foods and beverages.
2、 Products will be scrutinized for sustainable materials and packaging. In fact, the most recent Pira survey of the World Packaging Organization membership ranks health awareness as the single most important driver to growth in the packaging industry with 63.6% of its membership rating this factor as
3、 very important. There can be no discrepancy in the minds of ecologically conscious consumers between the contents of a natural or organic product and its packaging. With the perceived effects of global warming so patently real in recent years ?the tsunami in 2004, long-term drought in Australia and
4、 parts of Africa, for instance ?a growing number of individuals are doing more to reduce their own carbon footprint. This includes making conscious choices that can reduce their impact on the environment like buying as many products packaged only in biodegradable or recyclable materials. The influen
5、ce of the supply chain also cannot be underestimated. In recent years, there has been a shift in power in the supply chain. It used to be that manufacturer called the shots, but these days, supermarket chains are using their power in the chain to influence how food products get to the shelves. One o
6、bvious example is the retailing giant, Wal-Mart, whose packaging sustainability scorecard for its product suppliers to make their packaging more sustainable has been influential in driving changes in the packaging industry. Using Less, Saving More ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY employed tactics to shrin
7、k a products environmental footprint is source reduction, reports PMMI in its latest Intelligence Brief on Packaging Trends. Source reduction, such as lightweighting containers and closures, eliminating secondary packaging, and replacing rigid packaging with flexible packaging, not only consumes les
8、s materials but also helps packages cut costs across the supply chain or offset price increases. While packagers do not necessarily practice source reduction because of sustainable concerns, in the end using less packaging also helps the environment. When multiplied by millions of containers and clo
9、sure, even small weight reductions add up to a significant amount of resin and can help control or even reduce packaging and distribution costs. In addition, if the lighter weight results in a denser cube, it also can generate savings . due to more efficient transportation utilization and reduced ha
10、ndling, as the PMMI brief points out. Lighter cap for water bottle LESS than a decade after introducing the first 2g plastic closures for still water, Bericap has another major lightweighting development. The new HexaLite closures for still water and still drinks weigh in at less than 1.5g to save a
11、 minimum of 0.5g of plastic resin (HDPE) on new lightweight neck finish for PET bottles. The new range of closures includes two main sizes: HexaLite 26 at 1.1g or less on new neck finish 26 at 2.2g or less, replacing current 26.7mm standard used in North America and in certain European countries, ge
12、nerating total weight savings of 1.7g or more. 3 HexaLite 29/25 at 1.4 g or less on new neck finish 29/25 at 2.4 g or less, replacing the 30/25 world standard for still water, generating total weight savings of 2.0 g. Such savings per bottle generate almost 2,000 tons of resin saved for every one bi
13、llion bottles produced (and almost 3 million saved), and an estimated reduction of 15,000 tons of greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint), according to Bericap. Sustainable Alternatives BIO-BASED PLASTICS ARE made of starch from plants (corn, sugarcane, potato, etc.) instead of petroleum. They ca
14、n replace most petrochemical plastics used to make bottles, packaging, fabric and many other items. Rising petroleum prices coupled with an increase in market demand for green products have bolstered the demand for bio-based plastics. They are being positioned as sustainable alternatives to traditio
15、nal plastics because they can be compostable and biodegradable, although not all bioplastics may comply with industry standards ASTM D6400 in the United States for compostable plastics and Europes EN13432 for biodegradability/compostibility. The biopolymer share of the plastic market is poised to gr
16、ow from 1% now to 6 -12% by 2010. The current demand for bioplastic, however, is eight times the 2008 expected capacity. Worldwide, the market for bioplastics is projected to reach between $15-30 billion by 2010 and $50 billion by 2015. PLA (polylactic acid), a versatile polymer made from cornstarch
17、, is the most well-known of these so-called biopolymers. A polyethylene alternative from sugarcane-based ethanol has also been launched. Other producers are turning to agriculture and forestry waste as sources rather than using food crops. Among these is Innovia Films whose NatureFlex film is produc
18、ed from wood pulp (for an application, see page 33 - Editor). A matter of semantics COMPOSTABLE, degradable and biodegradable are often mistakenly interchanged Compostable Plastic is, by ASTM standards, capable of undergoing biological decomposition in a compost site as part of an available program,
19、 such that the plastic is not visually distinguishable and breaks down to carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass, at a rate consistent with known compostable materials (e.g. cellulose) and leaves no toxic residue. In order for a plastic to be called compostable, three criteria need
20、to be met: Biodegrade - break down into CO2, water, biomass at the same rate as cellulose Disintegrate - the material is indistinguishable in the compost Eco-toxicity - the biodegradation does not produce any toxic material and the compost can support plant growth. Biodegradable Plastic will degrade
21、 from the action of naturally occurring microorganism, such as bacteria, fungi etc., over a period of time. Note, that there is no requirement for leaving no toxic residue, and as well as no requirement for the time it needs to take to biodegrade. Degradable Plastic will undergo a significant change in its chemical structure
