1、 I 摘 要 液压就是通过液压油（具体根据实际情况定）来传递压力的装置。一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和液压油。液压由于其传动力量大，易于传递及配置，在工业、民用行业应用广泛。液压系统的执行元件液压缸和液压马达的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，而获得需要的直线往复运动或回转运动 本设计用油缸，通过控制阀分别实现剪切油缸的剪切、抬起；前后对焊压板油缸的顶起、落下；焊剂垫升降油缸的落下、上升；后托辊升降油缸的升起，落下；前桥摆动油缸的左摆、右摆。通过液压站原理和设计要求来设计和选用液压缸、液压阀、法兰、油箱、电机等，合理的选用液压缸的缓冲装置、密封圈和
2、排气阀。并校核检验液压缸、活塞杆、连接螺栓的强度和系统的热平衡。 关键词 ：液压 ；油缸； 液压阀 ；液压系统； 剪切 ； 对焊 II Abstract Hydraulic is a device which delivers the pressure through the hydraulic oil (according to the actual situation of the specific set). A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely power components, actuators, th
3、e control elements, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. Hydraulic is applied widely in the industrial and civil industry because of its big transmission power and it is easy to transfer and co figurate. The execution element of hydraulic system is the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pressure mo
4、tor, which plays the role of translating the liquid pressure into mechanical energy and it will gain access to the line of the reciprocating motion or rotary motion by controlling valves to realize oil cylinders shearing and raising respectively. before and after suets jacking up and falling； Flux a
5、nd oil cylinder cushions falling and raising； lifting oil cylinder rollers rising and falling； Front axles swinging to the left and right； designing and choosing hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic valve, flange, oil tank, motor according to the hydraulic pressure station principle and design requirements
6、； reasonable selection of hydraulic cylinder buffering device, sealing and discharging valve. Checking and inspecting hydraulic cylinder, piston, the strength of the connecting bolts and system of heat balance. Keywords: hydraulic； Oil cylinder； Hydraulic valves； Hydraulic system； Shear； Butt weld e
7、nds III 目 录 摘 要 . I Abstract . II 1 绪 论 . 1 1.1 液压系统概述 . 1 1.1.1 液压系统的组成及其作用 . 1 1.1.2 液压系统的形式 . 1 1.1.3 液压系统的发展概况和应用 . 2 2 总体方案 . 7 2.1 设计原理 . 7 2.2 剪切系统设计 . 8 2.2.1 剪切系统工况要求 . 8 2.2.2 液压缸结构 . 9 2.2.3 液压缸的效率 . 9 2.2.4 液压缸缸径的计算 . 10 2.2.5 流量的计算 . 11 2.2.6 最小导向长度的确定 . 12 2.2.7 活塞宽度 B 的确定 . 12 2.2.8 缸体长度的确定 . 12 2.2.9 缸筒壁厚的计算 . 13 2.2.10 缸体外径尺寸的计算 . 13 2.2.11 活塞杆强度和液压缸稳定性计算 . 14 2.2.12 缸筒壁厚的验算 . 16 2.2.13 缸筒的加工要求 . 18 2.2.14 法兰设计 . 18 2.2.15 缸底厚度设计 . 19 2.2.16(缸筒端部）法兰连接螺栓的强度计算 . 20
