1、沈阳理工大学 学士学位 论文 I 摘 要 本文介绍了压力容器分析设计与常规设计的不同、应力分类 ,厚壁圆筒体的应力分析和压力容器中对各类应力的限制 ,并通过实例讲述了在分析设计中 ,根据应力发生的原因 ,性质及对导致容器破坏所起的不同作用加以分类 ,分清主次 ,分别根据各类应力对容器强度影响的程度 ,采用不同的安全系数和不同的许用应力加以限制 ,达到设计合理 ,节省材料 ,以保证压力容器在各类应力作用下都能安全可靠地工作。 浓硫酸 作为一种化工基本原料,已愈来愈受到人们的重视。由于该气体具有 高腐蚀性 的特点 , 因此在设计这种贮罐 时 , 要注意与一般气体贮罐的不同点 , 尤其要注意安全 ,
2、 还要注意在制造、安装等方面的特点。贮罐主要有筒体、封头、人孔、支座以及各种接管组成。贮罐上设有液相管、液相回液管、气相管、排污管以及安全阀、压力表、温度计、液面计等。 所以对 浓硫酸 的储罐要求也很严格。 浓硫酸 贮罐是盛装 浓硫酸 的常用设备 , 本论文用 Q235C 做为材料先计算好 200 3m 卧罐的各项数据 ,直径为 5000mm,长度为 10000mm,厚度为 6mm,整理数据 ,然后就是根据数据选取封头。先将两腹板开孔并焊接,然后根据尺寸固定鞍座,焊接两侧封头,焊接开孔处各部件。 关键词 :浓硫酸 ;卧式储罐 ;设计 ;压力容器 ;焊接 沈阳理工大学 学士学位 论文 II Ab
3、stract This paper introduces the pressure vessel design and analysis of the conventional design different, stress classification, thick wall cylinder body stress analysis and pressure vessels, the limit for all kinds of stress and, with practical examples, tells the analysis and design in, according
4、 to stress the reasons, nature and to lead to vessels on the different function of classified, set priorities, respectively according to various stress on the extent of the impact strength of containers, using different safety coefficient and different allowable stress to limit and achieved the desi
5、gn is reasonable, save material, in order to ensure that the pressure vessel in all kinds of stress can effect a safe and reliable work. Strong sulfuric acid as a chemical basic raw materials, already more and more attention by people. Because the gas has the characteristics of high corrosion resist
6、ance, so in the storage tank design, should pay attention to the differences of gas storage tank with general, especially must pay attention to safety, but must pay attention in manufacturing, installation, and other aspects of the features. Tank main have barrel, sealing head, manhole, and all kind
7、s of bearings of take over. The storage tank with liquid pipe, liquid back to liquid pipe, gas phase tube, drain and safety valve, pressure gauge, thermometer, the liquid level gauge etc. So for the requirements of sulfuric acid storage tank is very strict. Strong sulfuric acid storage tank is dress
8、ed up strong sulfuric acid commonly used equipment, this paper Q235C as materials with first calculated good 200 lie can of various data, a diameter of 5000 mm, length is 10000 mm, thickness of 6 mm, sorting data, then according to the data of head is selected. First the two webs and welding hole, a
9、nd then according to size fixed saddle, welding sealing head on both sides, welding open holes in the parts. Keywords: strong sulfuric acid; Horizontal storage tanks; Design; Pressure vessels; welding 沈阳理工大学 学士学位 论文 III 目 录 1 绪 论 . 1 1.1 设计任务 . 1 1.2 设计思想 . 1 1.3 设计特点 . 1 2 设计参数的选择 . 3 2.1 筒体材料的选择 .
10、 3 2.2 公称直径的确定 . 3 2.3 设计压力 . 3 2.4 设计温度 . 4 2.5 焊接接头系数 . 4 3 设备的结构设计 . 5 3.1 圆筒厚 度的设计 . 5 3.2 封头的设计 . 5 3.2.1 封头厚度的设计 . 5 3.2.2 封头的结构尺寸(封头结构如下图 1) . 6 3.3 鞍座选型和结构设计 . 7 3.3.1 鞍座选型 . 7 3.3.2 鞍座位置的确定 . 8 3.4.1 接管和法兰 . 9 3.4.2 垫片的选用 . 11 3.4.3 螺栓(螺柱)的选择 . 11 3.5 人孔的选择 . 12 3.6 液面计的选择 . 12 4 容器强度的校核 . 13 4.1 水压试验应力校核 . 13 4.2.筒体轴向弯矩计算 . 13 4.3.筒体轴向应力计算及校核 . 14 4.4.筒体和封头中的切 向剪应力计算与校核 . 15 4.5.封头 切向剪 应力 计算 . 16 4.6.筒体的周向应力计算与校核 . 16 4.7.鞍座应力计算与校核 . 17 4.7.1 应力及强度校核 . 17