1、沈阳理工大学学士学位论文 I 1 摘要 能源短缺问题是目前许多国家面临的重要问题，太阳能作为一种清洁无污染的能源，有着巨大的开发前景。我国是一个太阳能资源较为丰富的国家，充分利用太阳能资源，有着深远的能源战略意义。利用太阳能的关键是提高太阳能电池板采集太阳能的效率，太阳能电池板接受太阳光的直射，由此得到太阳最大光照强度，从而最大限度的采集太阳能。 针对提高太阳能的利用率问题的研究，设计一种基于单片机的光电比较式太阳能自动跟踪控制器。以 AT89S52 单片机作为核心控制元件，通过将两个光电传感器采集到的信号经过比较电路和 A/D，将比较结果输出至单片机，由单片机分析处理数据并输出至ULN200
2、3A 从而控制五线四相步进电机来实现对太阳位置的跟踪。该系统具有低成本的优点，且具有较好的抗干扰能力，提高了对太阳光能的利用率。 在设计中首先完成对该方案的仿真验证，而后主要通过编辑器，利用 C 语言编制程序，并完成程序设计，通过下载器将程序烧写到单片机中。最后通过搭建硬件 实验来实现预先设计跟踪目标。 关键词 ：光电传感器；单片机； C 语言；跟踪；步进电机 沈阳理工大学学士学位论文 II ABSTRACT Energy shortage is an important issue facing many countries, solar energy as a clean and non-
3、polluting energy, has great development prospects. Ours is a country rich in solar energy resources are more full use of solar energy resources, energy strategy has far-reaching significance. Use of solar energy is the key to increase solar collection efficiency of solar energy panels, solar panels
4、receiving direct sunlight, thereby obtaining the maximum solar illumination intensity, so as to maximize solar collection. For the problem of improving the utilization of solar energy research, design a microcontroller-based photovoltaic solar automatic tracking controller comparison. The AT89S52 mi
5、crocontroller as the core control elements, by two photoelectric sensor to the signal through the comparison circuit and A / D, will compare the results to the MCU, the MCU analytical processing data and output to the ULN2003A to control the five-line four-phase stepper motor to achieve the position
6、 of the sun tracking. The system has the advantages of low cost, and has good anti-jamming capability, improved the utilization of solar energy. Finished first in the design simulation of the program, and then mainly through the editor, using C language programming, and complete the program design, by downloading device will be programmed into the microcontroller. Finally, to achieve the pre-built hardware experiments designed to track the target. Keywords: photoelectric sensor； MCU； C language； tracking； stepper motor
