1、 I 摘 要 随着国民经济的快速发展，压缩机已 经 成为众多部门中的重要通用机械。压缩机是压缩气体提高气体压力并输送气体的机械 ，它 广泛应用于石油化工、纺织、冶炼、仪表控制、医药、食品和冷冻等工业部门 。在化工生产中 ， 大中型往复活塞式压缩机及离心式压缩机则成为关键设备。本次设计的压缩机为 空气 压缩机，其型号为 D 42/8。 该类设备属于动设备 ，它为对称平衡式压缩机， 其 目的 是为生产装置和气动控制仪表提供气源 ，因此本设计对生产有重要的实用价值。 活塞 式 压缩机是空气压缩机中应用最为广泛的一种 ， 它是利用气缸内活塞的往 复运动来压缩气体的 ， 通过能量转换使气体提高压力的主要
2、运动部件是在缸中做往复运动的活塞，而活塞的往复运动是靠做旋转运动的曲轴带动连杆等传动部件来实现的 。 本文通过 依据工艺条件对 活塞式压缩机 进行了 热力计算 ， 通过确定气缸直径、计算活塞力、复算排气量、计算压缩机功率并 选择 驱动 机 ；依据活塞式压缩机设计规范 对 气缸 组件 和连杆组件进行了详细的 结构 设计 和机械强度计算与校核； 通过采用最新国家标准和行业标准 对 压缩机的 主要零部件 及压缩机辅助设备进行了选型设计， 按照一定要求和步骤对压缩机进行安装和维护。 在保证压缩机安全平稳运转的前 提下，尽量使设计达到经济、环保、高效的目的。 关键词：活塞 式 压缩机；结构； 设计 ；
3、强度 校核；选型 II Abstract With the rapid development of the national economy, the compressor has become an general machinery which used in numerous sections. The compressor is a machine which used to compress the air to increases air pressure and transport the gas, it can widely applied to petrochemical
4、industry、 weaving、 smelting、 metallurgy、 instrument control、 medicine、food and frozen and other industrial departments.In chemical industry production, large and medium scale reciprocating compressor and centrifugal compressor then become critical equipment. The compressor which we design this time
5、is a “air compressor ”. Its model number is D42/8. This kind of equipment belongs to moveing equipment, it is the balanced opposed compressor. This device is intended for production equipments and pneumatic control instrument to provide gas source. The piston compressor is the one which is the most
6、widespread applied in the air compressor. It is the use of reciprocating piston within the cylinder to compress the gas to increase gas pressure. The main moving part through the energy conversion to enhance the pressure is the piston which makes reciprocal motion in cylinder, piston of the reciproc
7、ating motion is done by rotating the crankshaft connecting rods and other drive components to achieve the transmission.Therefore, this design has a important role to the production. This article carries on the thermal design which is based on the technological conditions to the reciprocal compressor
8、. the determination of cylinder bore、 the computation of piston force、 recalculation of the air displacement and selection of the electric motor. It also identifies structure and materials of the air cylinder group and connecting rod assembly to meet the technological requirements which based on the
9、 reciprocal compressor design standard. By using the latest national standards and industry standards the main parts of the compressor and auxiliary equipment carry on the selection design, and it accords to certain requirements and steps to install and maintain the compressor. Under the premise of ensuring safety and smooth operation, the compressor tries to achieve the purposes which is economic、 environmental、 efficiency. Keywords: piston compressor； structure； design； strength check； model selection
