1、 I 摘 要 现代都市，电梯是高层住宅用户最亲密的伴侣，是一天也不可缺少的出行工具，与水、电、气等生活必须品具有同等重要的作用。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，对电梯的期望越来越高，特别 是电梯的可靠性、乘坐的舒适性、节能程度和运行速度等受到广泛关注 。传统的继电器电梯控制系统，由于可靠性低、体积庞大、反应速度慢等问题，已基本被淘汰，取而代之的是可编程控制器。本文将基于可编程控制器的直流电机的电梯模型控制系统中，对此方法进行研究。 PLC 在电梯升降控制上的应用主要体现在它的逻辑开关控制功能。由于 PLC具有逻辑运算，计数 和定时以及数据输入输出的功能。在电梯升降过程中，各种逻辑开关控制与 PLC
2、 的结合，很好的实现了对电梯升降的控制。 本文在介绍了可编程控制器的原理的基础上， 以直流电机为拖动设备， 结合四层电梯的控制要求，提出了基于 S7-200 PLC 电梯模型控制系统的实现方案。首先就电梯运行部分选用普通继电器来实现电梯模型的设计，这里电梯轿厢的上下行以及轿厢门的开关都是通过控制电机的正反转来实现的，电梯轿厢运行的保护则是通过两个行程开关来完成的。当电梯由于某种原因上行到四层而没有停止，而碰触到上升限位的行程开关则可以使电梯停止运 行，下行同理。而厢门的控制保护则是通过运用光电开关来实现的，当电梯轿厢门开到位时，挡住了光电开关使光敏三极管被截止，使门电机停止起到限位保护作用，关
3、门限位的情况与之相同。 最 后详细介绍了西门子 S7-200PLC 对电梯模型的控制要求，以及 I/O 口的分配和 PLC 梯形图的设计。 该系统能实现普通电梯的基本功能，并有超重报警，故障检修等功能。 关键 词 ：西门子 S7-200PLC；电梯模型；梯形图； I/O 分配 II Abstract In modern cities, elevator is a closest companion to high-rise customers as well as an indispensable travel tool, which is equally important as water
4、, electricity, gas and other necessities of life .With the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, increasingly high expectation of elevator are widespread concerned ,especially the reliability, ride comfort, energy conservation and operating speed. Due to low reliability, bulky size and
5、slow response, traditional relays in elevator control systems have basically been eliminated, and replaced by programmable logic controllers. In this paper, DC motor based on programmable logic controller is applied to the elevator model, which is got deep reaches. PLC is mainly applied in its logic
6、 switch control in the elevator control. Because PLC has logic operation, counting and timing, and data input and output functions, the combination of all logic control switching and PLC, which realized the motion control of elevator. Principles of programmable controller and with DC motor driven eq
7、uipment are presented. According to four-story elevator control requirements, elevator control system is proposed based on S7-200 PLC. Firstly, use an ordinary part of the elevator running relays to achieve the elevator model design, where the upper and lower elevator car line and the car doors are
8、Reversible by controlling the motor to achieve, the protection of the elevator car operation two trips through the switch to complete. When the elevator up to the fourth floor for some reason did not stop, and touch up the trip limit switch, you can make elevators stop running, down the same reason.
9、 The car door control protection is achieved through the use of photoelectric switches, and when the door opened and in place when the elevator car, blocking the photoelectric switch is close to phototransistor to limit the door motor protection function to stop play, close spacing of with the same
10、situation. Final details of S7-200PLC model of the elevator control requirements, as well as I / O allocation and PLC ladder diagram. The system can achieve the basic functions of ordinary elevator, and overweight alarm, troubleshooting, and other functions. Keywords: Siemens S7-200 PLC； Ladder diagram； Elevator model； I/O allocation
