1、英文 2620 单词， 14500 英文字符， 5250 汉字 The New Public Management Situation Owen E. Hughes Monash University Management (Australia) No doubt, many countries in the world, and both developed countries and developing countries, in the late 1980s and early 1990s began a continuous public sector management refo
2、rm movement. The reform movement is still in many aspects government continue to the organization and management of the influence. People in these reforms view repudiating them. Critics especially in Britain and the United States, critics say the new mode of various problems exist, but also does not
3、 have the international prevailing reform of public management, could not be called paradigm. Criticism from almost every aspect of the change. Most of the academic criticism belong to the mouth. Different schools of thought in detail discussion, The academic journal articles and abstraction, from r
4、eality. At the same time, in the practice of public management and implementation of the reform and the change. As I in other articles in the thought, in most countries, the traditional public administrative mode for public management mode has been replaced. The reform of public department responded
5、 to the realities of several interrelated problems, including: the function of public sector provide public services of low efficiency, Economic theory of change, Private sector related changes impact of globalization, especially as a kind of economic power, Technology changes made decentralization
6、and better control globally becomes possible. The administrative management can be divided into three stages: the development of distinct phases, and public administration before traditional pattern and public management reform stage. Each stage has its own management mode. From a stage of transitio
7、n to the next stage is not easy, from the traditional public administration to public administration has not yet completed the transition. But it was only a matter of time. Because the new mode of theoretical basis is very strong. The new public management movement , although this name, but it 2 is
8、not only a debate in the booming, and in most developed countries have taken the best management mode of expression. The traditional administrative mode than its age is a great reform, but that time has passed. A traditional pattern Obviously, in the late 19th century bureaucracy system theory, not
9、sound already exists some form of administrative management. Public administration has a long history, and it is the concept of a government and the rise of civilization as history. As the case Glad2den Osama bin laden (point), a model of administrative since the government appears has existed. Firs
10、t is endowed with founder or leader, then is the social or administrative person to organizers of eternity. Administration management or business is all in social activities, although not among factors, but the glow of social sustainable development is of vital importance. Recognized administrative
11、system in ancient Egypt is already exists, its jurisdiction from the Nile flooding caused by the year to build the pyramids irrigation affairs. China is adopted in the han dynasty, Confucian norms that government should be elected, not according to the background, but according to the character and
12、ability, the governments main goal is to seek the welfare of the people. In Europe, various empire - Greek, Roman, and the holy Roman, Spains administrative empire, they first by the central through various rules and procedures. Webers thought, modern medieval countries develop simultaneously with b
13、ureaucratic management structure development. Although these countries in different ways, but they have common features, it can be called before modern. Namely, the administrative system of early essence is the personification of, or the establishment in Max Webers nepotism basis, i.e. to loyal to t
14、he king or minister certain human foundation, not is personified, With allegiance to the organization or individual basis rather than for the foundation. Although there are such a viewpoint that administration itself not only praise from traditional mode, the characteristic of early but often leads
15、to seek personal interests corruption or abuse of power. In the early administrative system, we now feel very strange approach has the functions of government administration is generally behavior. All those who walk 3 official tend to rely on friends or relatives for work or buy officer, which means
16、 the money to buy the first officer or tax officials, and then out to the customer to money, which is the first to buy officer recovery investment cost, and can make a fortune. America in the 19th century FenFei system of political parties means in the ruling changed at the same time, the government
17、 of all administrative position is changed. Modern bureaucracy is before personal, traditional, diffusion and similar and special, and according to the argument, modern Weber bureaucracy is impersonal, rational, concrete, achievement orientation and common. Personalized government is often inefficie
18、nt: nepotism means incompetent not capable person was arranged to positions of leadership, FenFei political corruption, in addition to making often still exist serious low efficiency. The enormous success of traditional administrative pattern that early practice looks strange. Specialization and not
19、 politicized administrative in our opinion is so difficult to imagine that trace, there exist other system. Western administrative system even simple selection of officials to pass the exam, until 1854, Britain and north G.M. Trevelyan report after Northcote - began to establish in China, although t
20、he system has long passage. The traditional public administrative pattern In the late 19th century, additionally one kind of pattern on the world popular, this is the so-called traditional administrative pattern. Its main theoretical basis from several countries, namely, the American scholars and Ge
21、rmany Woodrow Wilson of Max Webers, people put their associated with bureaucracy model, Frederick Tyler systematically elaborated the scientific management theory, the theory of the private sector from America, for public administration method was provided. And the other theorists, Taylor without fo
22、cusing on public sector, but his theory was influential in this field. The three traditional public administration mode is theorist of main effect. In other countries, plus G.M. Trevelyan and North America, the state administration of administrative system, especially the Wilson has produced important influence. In the 19th century, the north G.M. Trevelyan and put forward through the examination and character, and appointed officials put forward bias and administrative neutral
