1、2180 单词 ,10800 英文字符， 3460 汉字 本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目： Chinese Foreign Investments and Economic Relations with the Baltic Sea Region Countries 出 处： Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute 作 者： Laura Barauskaite Chinese Foreign Investments and Economic Relations with the Baltic Sea Region Countries
2、一、 Introduction Nowadays China is one of the fastest growing countries in the world and especially for this reason it demands more studies and various researches than ever before. In addition, investments to and from the country are growing as well, for instance at these days China is known as one o
3、f the leading foreign direct investment (FDI) recipients in the world and as country with growing interest for other countries markets. This is also due to Chinas economic, trade and investment climate, which have changed dramatically after 1978 when its reform and opening-up began and also after 20
4、01 when the country joined the World Trade Organization. In addition, while talking about Chinese interest in other countries it could be said that the aim of this research is to explore the main Chinese investments and economic relations with the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Before going in detail in d
5、escribing Chinese and the Baltic Sea Region investments and economic relations, it is worth to discuss shortly the definition of FDI, its calculations and influence for a countrys economy. This literature review could be found in the second part of report. As it was mentioned before, during the rece
6、nt years China has been one of the fastest growing countries in the world and if one compares the growth in the world economy versus Chinas economy, its quite remarkable how much Chinas share has increased. Due to this it is worth to compare Chinas main economic indicators with those of the world an
7、d this is done in the third part of report. China plays an important role in the world economy and the countrys outward FDI has recently started to attract more attention and various discussions. For these reasons Chinas outward FDI in the Baltic Sea Region should be analyzed as well. The Baltic Sea
8、 Region consists of ten countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden. On the fourth part of this report at first the focus will be placed on main economic indicators of the Baltic Sea Region countries and then on Chinas trade with these countrie
9、s. This should help to improve knowledge about all the BSR countries as well as about their trade relations with China. Finally, the fifth part of report will consist of description of Chinese FDI and economic relations with each of the BSR countries separately. 二、 A Literature Review of FDI Definit
10、ion （一） FDI in the Global Economy Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the name given to the process where a firm from country provides capital to an existing or newly-created firm in another country. For instance, a foreign firm may decide to set-up production in Finland and by so doing will be engag
11、ing in the process known as FDI. Over the last years the level of FDI in the world has risen rapidly . During the period from 2000 to 2007 total FDI flow in the world increased around 22%, that means from 1,4 trillion US dollars in 2000 to more than 1,8 trillion US dollars in 2007. In addition, from
12、 2000 to 2003 it was significant decrease in global FDI flow, which dropped more than two times - from 1,4 trillion in 2000 to around 0,6 trillion in 2003. Nevertheless, from 2003 to 2007 it rose and reached, as it was mentioned before, more than 1,8 trillion US dollars. This significant increase sh
13、ows the importance of FDI in the whole world as well as in developing economies and economies in transition, which also had a huge increase of FDI flows during the period mentioned above. That means that flows of foreign investments should be usually taken into consideration by making financial anal
14、yses of the world economy. （二） Calculation and Main Determinants of FDI The OECD recommended procedure for calculating FDI flows is given in Figure 2. It is calculated as the sum of four components: retained earnings, equity capital, intra-company loans and intra-company borrowing. Retained earnings
15、 are profits generated and kept by the overseas enterprise. These are classified as FDI, despite there is no cross-border transfer of capital, as the investor has the choice of either taking the retained earnings made by the overseas enterprise to their home country or by the reinvesting them back i
16、nto the enterprise. Jones and Wren (2006) in their book provide following local determinants of FDI: market size and growth, labor market, macroeconomic policy, inward investment policy, infrastructure, industrialization, pre-existing FDI and information. To be more precise, the size of market is ar
17、gued to have a positive effect on FDI location, this means that a large market attracts firms more that smaller ones. The same is with the growth of market the bigger growth of market is declared the more attractive it is for the FDI. Labor market also has significant impact on FDI the bigger availa
18、bility of labor is expected in the market, the bigger rage of choice has investor for its labor force. Moreover, when having analyses of labor market it also necessary take into consideration such factors as the cost of labor and productivity. Talking about macroeconomics determinants it is usually
19、are described such factors as taxes, various tariffs and exchange rate. Taxes and tariffs have negative influence of FDI that means that higher taxes and wider rage of various tariffs decrease the FDI in the market. Aside from general macroeconomic policies and labor market regulation, the governmen
20、t and its agencies can use explicit inducements in order to attract FDI, of either a financial or non-financial nature. (Jones and Wren, 2006) Moreover, a key inducement is grants, which seems to play a substantial role in the international competition for FDI. Infrastructure includes such indicators as transport and communication networks in area or region, which improves the distribution of goods and services and the ability to recruit labor and to communicate with supplier and purchasers. The level of industrialization is expected to be associated with a high level of FDI, since country
