1、Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce, either electronics trade, either the electronic trade took one kind of emerging business model, will have the profound influence to the social economy, and will play the vital role in the world each place social development. It will be representing for the 21
2、st century later the world trade tidal current. 1. what is electronic commerce? Electronic commerce refers is carries on the trade activity through the electron transmission mode by the digital form which the commerce data exchange and online is engaged in. Usually, electronic commerce may divide in
3、to two levels: One is low level electronic commerce, namely electron business intelligence, electronic transaction and electronic contract. Two is high level electronic commerce, including all trade activity which is engaged in with the aid of the Internet, from pursues the customer, the commercial
4、negotiations, gets down the order form, the online payment, the writing up electron receipt, to the electronic declaration, the electronic tax payment, all carries in the Internet. Electronic commerce meant all trade transaction realization computerization. It has followingcharacteristic: Fairfree,
5、Highlyeffective, Globalization, Virtualization, Interactive, Independent, User friendly service. Using the electronic commerce, the customer and the supplier may in the global scope mutually close and the convenient relation, thus the customer can find the ideal supplier from world each quoin who me
6、ets its need. Electronic commerce will change the environment which the enterprise will compete mutually, reduces cost which will stay at a high level in the traditional market mechanism. The transaction cost low, was advantageous for the human market and the government encourages to use the Interne
7、t (tax-free) to activate the electronic commerce, impelled its start beginning then rapidly to develop. According to prediction by experts, to 2000, world electronic commerce will achieve 3,000 hundred million US dollars scales. But its already surpassed this scale. In order to guarantee the electro
8、nic commerce the security, must establish the electronic proof center. The digital ID card uses for to irrevocably prove the status. The digital ID card provide request gives third party, namely is authorized machine the construction to handle, it key, term of validity, password and authorized organ
9、ization identification information which including possessors identification information (name, address, contact method, ID card serial number), both sides uses in common and so on. Using the digital ID card, transaction both sides can guarantee distinguish another side the status, and irrevocably p
10、roved another side sends out information not after change. 2. electronic commerce possibly produce the influence and the traditional trade compare, electronic commerce has following superiority: * The cover scope is broad: Unifies the Internet, the intranet (enterprise internal local area network) a
11、nd outside the networking (enterprise exterior network) the network system causes the buyer, the seller, the manufacturer and the partner can mutually relate and transmit the business intelligence and the document conveniently in the worldwide scale. * The function is complete: In the electronic com
12、merce, the different category and the different level user can achieve the different transaction goal, for example, issue business intelligence, online negotiations, electronic payment, establishment hypothesized market and online bank and so on. * The easy to operate is flexible: Based on Internet,
13、 electronic commerce not special data exchange agreement limit. May use any type the personal computer, in world any place, carries on the transaction conveniently on the computer screen. * The cost is low: Using the electronic commerce, can reduce greatly uses in hiring the staff, maintaining the w
14、arehouse and the shop front expense and the international travel and the mail expenditure. Uses Internets expense to be extremely low. Electronic commerce will have the significant influence to the social economy: * Electronic commerce will change the people the behavior way which the custom will ad
15、opt in the trade activity. Through network, the people may enter the human hypothesized store, four glance over, chooses them to be interested the thing, as well as enjoys each kind of online service. On the other hand, the business may relates through the network and the consumer, decided the purch
16、ase goods (type and quantity) and pay up. The government apparatus can carry on the electronic tender and the government procurement through the network. * The electronic commerce core is a human. It is a social system. The online store changed peoples daily life way, fully manifests consumers in tr
17、ansaction right to independence. * The electronic commerce change enterprise produces the product the way. Through network, manufacturer direct understanding market demand, and needs to arrange the production according to the consumer. * Electronic commerce enhanced the trade efficiency enormously,
18、can eliminate the middle link； Maximum limit reduces the sales cost. The production arrangement can realize “the small batch to add the variety to be diverse”, but “the zero stock” becomes the reality. * Electronic commerce summons the bank service reform. Again looks like the online bank, the onlin
19、e cash card and the credit card, online pay up, the electronic receipt, the electron “the cash” - when the consumer purchase does not need actual cash - these new concepts to become the reality. * Electronic commerce will change the government behavior. So-called “online government”, an online admin
20、istrative-managerial apparatus is playing the social channel vital role, the maintenance order and fair, investigation and smashing online cheat. 3. developed country electronic commerce present situation 1990s intermediate stage, the Internet experienced exploded -like the development, the microcom
21、puter enters human everyone, the computer network already becomes in the people daily life the indispensable part. The people were anticipating the computer network brings more advantage and the convenience. Electronic commerce arises at the historic moment. In the developed country, the government
22、at the right moment formulates the impetus electronic commerce practical application policy, occupies the dominant position in the new turn worldwide scale competition. In 1998 the Internet helped US to create 5,070 hundred million US dollars outputs, 3 1,000,000,000 US dollars nationals bought a gi
23、rl child, 1,200,000 employment opportunities； Among them, electronic commerce has created 1,000 hundred million US dollars buying a girl child. The Internet has become the first big industry, yearly produces increases 60%, occupies GDP 6%. Amounts to 1,600 hundred million US dollars every year from USs service exportation, but estimated it can compensate the commodity trade deficit. The Internet is impelling the American export aspect to play the vital role: In 1999, sold the
