1、中文3700字 ，2080单词Watson P. Database management moves into the Grid J. Berman et al.2, 2003, 138: 363-365 毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译（原文） Database management moves into the Grid Database management software (DBMS) has been the backbone of enterprise computing for the past many years. The market is growin
2、g bigger in terms of size, and will continue to gain prominence in 2004. With the consolidation, standardisation and centralisation of IT systems underway in most organisations, the demand for highly scalable and reliable database systems is on the rise. According to reliable industry estimat
3、es, the Indian database market is currently at about $100 million, and the top three players put together have a market share of more than 70 percent. IDC expects the information and data management software segment to grow at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17 percent till 2006. “There wi
4、ll be independent solutions like business intelligence that are largely going to drive the use and adoption of databases,” says Tarun Malik, product marketing manager, Microsoft India. The importance of having a database and data warehouses for various specific applications will also be a factor of
5、growth to drive the market. Early adapters of sophisticated database management and business intelligence tools would be large computing verticals like the government, the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector, telecom, IT services, manufacturing and the retail sector. Curren
6、t status Four or five years ago DBMS was just like a data store, with medium and large companies only looking at it as a tool for storing data. Then around three years ago it really moved into what is called the relational database space. This is where the concept of applications on databases came i
7、nto the picture. In terms of users there has been a shift from meagre database administrators to developers to data warehouse managers and also towards business intelligence usage that involves a whole lot of people and not just CIOs. This means users have also evolved with the evolution of the prod
8、uct, its usage and market. Till the time it was a data store, database administrators could have managed it. But when it became a data warehouse, CIOs and skilled technical experts got involved. That is why DBMS is now an integral and crucial part of the overall IT policy of large enterprises
9、. The importance of DBMS has come to fore especially after the adoption of ERP and CRM solutions. If you look at the top of the pyramid, for the top few IT spenders, DBMS has become as important as network infrastructure. “As a matter of fact, that is why it is also driving the platform strategy of
10、vendors,” says Malik. However, the trend is still evolving in the SME space. One can now see a very strong momentum in the marketplace. As data continues to grow exponentially, one witnesses the type of information changing from record-oriented to content-oriented data. Databases have become c
11、ontent or information repositories. Handling that and supporting applications is not only transaction-oriented but analysis-oriented. Mixed content is going to be a way in which databases differentiate themselves. There is the trend to push more analytics into the database, with abilities like data
12、mining in real-time to support new applications. XML will be important as users now store and build content repositories to represent that kind of content. In terms of topology of database performance, the ability to get performance, scalability and high availability in different environments is als
13、o gaining importance. Another clear trend in the database space is towards building infrastructure that is robust, secure and low-cost. That is why almost all vendors are looking at offering unlimited scalability and reliability on low-cost computers. Drivers Apart from the increasing adoption
14、 of databases in different verticals, the return on investment (RoI) and functionality of databases are also fuelling the growth of DBMS in the country. Consumers, especially after the dot-com debacle, have started looking at spending less and deriving more RoI from new technology, products and soft
15、ware. Any vendor who relates his offering to RoI would be a successful vendor. Open Source No one has so far dumped a clustered Oracle 9i database and replaced it with a free, open source database downloaded from the Web and running on a bunch of Intel-based Linux/free OS servers. But a growing numb
16、er of users are pioneering these freely available databases. These users say that open source databases are reaching a stage where they can become the latest addition to their inventory of open source tools, including the Linux operating system, the Apache Web server and the Tomcat Java servlet engi
17、ne According to these users, the main attractions of an open source database are: Very fast performance, especially in read-only applications. No or nominal licensing costs. Low administrative and operational costs. As to the back-end servers, users are still ingrained with Oracl
18、e or DB2, which has a fair amount of support for Linux. It is a typical pattern in companies that are experimenting with open source databases. High-volume database updates, which are the essence of transaction-processing applications, remain anchored on products such as Oracles 9i and IBMs DB
19、2 Universal Database, and increasingly Microsofts SQL Server. But there are a host of new application areas that dont require the complex and equally expensive features of conventional databases. MySQL open source database from MySQL has spread from being used by a few groups to the core infra
20、structure of the Internet portal. MySQL is a core piece of the content-generation system for many large users. Open source databases are typically available for free or for a nominal charge and include the complete source code. Finally, in accordance with the terms of the GNU General Public License
21、(GPL), users typically have the freedom to change any part of the source code and use it without charge as long as they publish the change. Once published, the change can be used by anyone. An alternative arrangement is the Berkeley Software Development licence which is used by PostgreSQL.org.
22、 Developers can use, copy, modify, and distribute this software free of cost. There is an array of open source databases. Firebird, based on Borlands venerable Inter Base database is one of the few that have the support and blessings of vendors and the well-organised community of coders.
23、;MySQL is also proving to be popular among open source communities. Every time a new programming language comes out, the first thing that developers usually do is add database connectivity to MySQL. PostgreSQL is the most matured of the open databases, and PostgreSQL.org maintains an extensive Web p
24、resence for its developer community. It is a Canadian company that offers applications along with support services. Red Hat bases its product offerings on PostgreSQL. The open databases are often storehouses of innovation. MySQL has an architecture that has a core relational manager that can b
25、e used by different kinds of plug-in data handlers. These open databases tend to be far simpler than their conventional counterparts in all these areas. They also have low operational overheads. A common criticism of open source databases is that they dont support transactions or dont do as we
26、ll as commercial products. For example, MySQL has a fast database for content store, but it is still immature in terms of transaction processing at the back-end. However, immaturity in some areas of an open database might not be a problem if the software has what you need in other areas, or has a cr
27、edible track record of delivering new features on a regular basis. Conclusion The database segment will continue to grow as businesses rely more and more on information as a source of competitive advantage. However, the market has definitely evolved over the years though it has not yet reached
28、 high maturity levels. As the SME segment has started adopting the technology, experts opine that there is going to be huge momentum in the market. The Indian SME market is no longer just a PC market； rather, it has become a well-networked and well-connected segment, which is why it has also started
29、 using servers. On the enterprise side one will witness a lot of momentum coming around solutions like application integration, business intelligence and reporting services. It is expected that three factors are going to drive the Indian DBMS market in this fiscal: solutions, RoI and functionality.
30、With vendors focusing on these aspects, one expects the market to experience good growth this fiscal. Oracle India Oracle feels that by adopting Grid computing (the recently announced 10G enablement) with databases like Oracle 9i, organisations can reduce the cost of IT by running it on low-cost com
31、modity hardware. Oracle has the ability in terms of delivering all elements of the information architecture. On one hand are the development tools and database and application servers, and on other hand are the comprehensive suite of applications in the Oracle E-Business Suite. Moreover, being based
32、 on open standards, customers can adopt a hybrid model, which has a mix of legacy and customised applications, and offers a stepping-stone for organisations to move into an infrastructure with a common data model. In terms of technology, Oracles focus is all on the components of the Oracle 10g infra
33、structure software. Oracle Database and Oracle Application Server provide a powerful deployment platform for enterprise applications, starting from companies with turnover of Rs 10 crore to the largest corporates . It has immense applicability in BFSI, manufacturing, telecom, and the government sect
34、or. It has also one of the most secure database technologies. Currently, a number of state governments are implementing Oracle-based solutions. Oracle has already launched the next release of its infrastructure software: Oracle 10g. Oracle 10g is the infrastructure software for Grid computing, which
35、 lets the user combine the power of multiple low-cost computers to work as a single powerful and reliable computer. Apart from enabling Grid computing, Oracle Database 10g includes new self-management and tuning capabilities that empower a DBA to focus on higher value-added jobs rather than the day
36、to day management of a database. It allows database administrators to work with the consumers of technology to determine service level agreements and use policy-based database management capability to manage the system. With the release of Oracle 10g Infrastructure software, Oracle hopes to further
37、increase its market share in India. Microsoft Microsoft is very aggressively growing its base for SQL Server 2000. It promises to meet the demands of customers data management systems. The company has also gained strength with the promise of ease of manageability and better RoI. Again, as a co
38、rporation, the kind of support Microsoft offers to its consumers is unmatched. It involves its customers in the development of its new products. For example, development of the next version of SQL Server 2000 called Yukon has involved not only Microsoft partners but also prime customers worldwide. T
39、he kind of investment that Microsoft puts into R&D is huge. In the days to come, Microsoft will be focusing more on business value to consumers. The consumer understands the business value of a solution, be it Business Intelligence or application integration. To increase its focus on the m
40、id-tier and the SME market, the company is also going to enhance its channels. Microsoft is also looking at evolving its product with its new version coming up by the end of this calendar year. Bettering RoI is at the top of Microsofts agenda. It believes that the biggest RoI is going to come
41、 through the deployment of the solution, which is going to help drive the customers business. Microsoft, all across its server lines, is known for ease of use and manageability. The company recently released Reporting Services in SQL Server 2000 and that too at no additional cost. Last year it
42、 had introduced a 64-bit version of SQL Server at no additional cost. The kind of rich product functionalities that the company is bringing in will clearly help users in realising better RoI. Microsoft will continue to focus on segments like government, BFSI, telecom, IT services, manufacturing and retail. Sybase-SAP alliance
