1、中文 4300字 外文资料 Outline, Application and Development of the single chip The single chip is one kind of integrated circuit chip, which uses the ultra large-scale technology and has the data-handling capacity (for example arithmetic operation, logic operation, data transfer, interrupt processing) the mi
2、croprocessor (CPU), random access data-carrier storage (RAM), read-only program memory (ROM), input output circuit (I/O), possibly also includes fixed time the counter, serial passes unguardedly (SCI), demonstration actuation electric circuit (LCD or LED actuation electric circuit), pulse-duration m
3、odulation electric circuit (PWM), simulation multichannel switch and A/Electric circuit and so on D switch integrates to together the monolith chip on, constitutes to be smallest the computer system which however consummates. These electric circuits can under the software control accurate, be rapid,
4、 highly effective complete the procedure designer preset the duty. From this looked that, single chip has the function which the microprocessor does not have, it may alone complete the intellectualization control function which the modern industry control requests, this is single chip biggest charac
5、teristic. However single chip also is different with the single trigger, the chip before the development, it only has the function greatly strengthened ultra large scale integrated circuit, if entrusts with it the specific procedure, it then is youngest, the integrity microcomputer control system, i
6、t (PC machine) has the essential difference with the single trigger or the personal computing, single chip application belongs to the chip level application, needs the user to understand the single chip, the structure and the command system as well as other integrated circuit application technologie
7、s and the system design need theory and technology, with such specific chip design application procedure, thus causes this chip to have the specific function. The different single chip has the different hardware characteristic and the software characteristic, namely their technical characteristic is
8、 different, the hardware characteristic is decided by single chip internal structure, the user must use some kind of single chip, must understand whether this product does satisfy the characteristic target which the need the function and the application system requests. Here technical characteristic
9、 including function characteristic, control characteristic and electrical specification and so on, these information needs to obtain from in the production merchant technical manual. The software characteristic is refers to the command system characteristic and the development support environment, t
10、he instruction characteristic is single chip addressing way which we is familiar with, the data processing and the logical processing way, input-output characteristic and to power source request and so on. The development support environment is compatible and the probability including the instructio
11、n, supports the software (to contain may Support development application procedure software resources) and the hardware resources. Must use some model single chip to develop own application system, master its structure characteristic and the technical characteristic is that we need. Single chip cont
12、rol system could substitute for before uses control system which the complex electronic circuit or the digital circuit constituted, might the software control realizes, and could realize the intellectualization, now single chip control category omnipresent, for example correspondence product, domest
13、ic electric appliances, intelligent instrument measuring appliance, process control and special-purpose control device and so on, single chip application domain was more and more widespread. Indeed, single chip application significance is far is not restricted in its application category or from thi
14、s the economic efficiency which brings, it fundamentally changed the traditional control method and the design thought more importantly. Is controls technical a revolution, is an important milestone. In 1946 first electronic accounting machine birth until now, only then 50 years, depends upon microe
15、lectronic technology and the semiconductor technology progress, from the electron tube - transistor- integrated circuit - large scale integrated circuit, now together on the chip definitely may integrate several million even more than ten million transistor, causes the computer volume slightly, the
16、function is stronger. Specially in the nearly 20 years time, computer technology obtained the rapid development, the computer in the industry and agriculture, the scientific research, the education, the national defense and the aerospace domain has obtained the widespread application, computer techn
17、ology already was a national modern science and technology level important symbol. Single chip is born in the 20th century 70s, looks like F8 monolithic microcomputer which Fairchild Corporation develops. The so-called single chip is uses the large scale integrated circuit technology the central pro
18、cessing element (Center Processing Unit, Also is Chang Cheng CPU) and the data-carrier storage (RAM), the program memory (ROM) and other I/O passes integrates unguardedly on together the chip, constitutes a smallest computer system, but modern single chip then has added on the severance unit, fixed
19、time unit and A/D transformation and so on more complex, more perfect electric circuit, causes single chip the function more and more formidable, the application is more widespread. The 20th century 70s, microelectronic technology is being at the development phase, the integrated circuit belongs to
20、the scale development time, each kind of new material new craft not yet mature, single chip still occupied the primary development phase, the part integration scale also quite small, the function quite was simple, CPU, RAM had generally has also included some simple I/O integrates to the chip on, lo
21、oks like Fairchild Corporation to belong to this type, it also must be joined to the periphery other processing electric circuits just now to constitute the integrity the computing system. The similar single chip also has Zilog Corporation the Z80 microprocessor. In 1976 INTEL Corporation has promot
22、ed the MCS-48 single chip, this time single chip is the genuine 8 monolithic microcomputers, and pushes to the market. It is young by the volume, function entire, the price has lowly won the widespread application, has laid the foundation for single chip development, becomes in single chip history t
23、he important milestone. Under the MCS-48 leadership, after that, each big semiconductor company developed and has developed own single chip one after another, looked like Zilog Corporation the Z8 series. To the beginning of the 80s, single chip has developed to the high performance stage, looks like
24、 INTEL Corporation the MCS-51 series, Motorola Corporation 6,801 and 6,802 series, Rokwell Corporation 6,501 and 6,502 series and so on, In addition,Japans famous electrical company NEC and HITACHI all one after another developed had oneself characteristic the special-purpose single chip. The 80s, w
25、orld each big company competes to develop the variety multi-purpose strong single chip, some several dozens series, more than 300 varieties, this time single chip belongs approximately truely monolithic, mostly integrated CPU, RAM, ROM, number many I/O connection, many kinds of interruption system,
26、even also has some to bring A/D switch single chip, function more and more formidable, RAM and ROM capacity also more and more big, the addressing space even may reach 64kB, may say, single chip developed to a brand-new stage, the application domain has been more widespread, many domestic electric a
27、ppliances moved towards the intellectualized development path which controlled using single chip. After 1982, 16 single chips are published, represent the product are INTEL Corporations MCS-96 series, 16 single chips compare 8 machine, the data width increased a time, real-time processing ability st
28、ronger, the basic frequency is higher, the integration rate had achieved 120,000 transistors, RAM increased to 232 bytes, ROM then has achieved 8kB, and had 8 interrupt sources, at the same time has disposed multichannel A/D transformation channel, high speed I/The O processing unit, is suitable for
29、 the more complex control system. After 90s, single chip obtained the rapid development, the world each big semiconductor company has developed a function more formidable single chip one after another. American Microchip Corporation had issued one kind of incompatible MCS-51 new generation of PIC se
30、ries single chip, has aroused the field widespread interest completely, its product only then 33 simplified the set of instructions to attract many users specially, caused the people to concentrate from the INTEL 111 complex instructions. The PIC single chip has obtained the fast development, holds
31、the small space in the field. The afterwards matter, the familiar single chip public figures quite have been all clear, more monolithic aircraft types pour out, MOTOROLA Corporation had issued one after another the MC68HC series single chip, Japans several famous companies all developed a performanc
32、e stronger product, but Japans single chip used in generally the special-purpose systems control, but did not look like company and so on INTEL puts in to the market forms the general single chip. For example NEC Corporation produces the uCOM87 series single chip, its representative works uPC7811 is
33、 one kind of performance quite outstanding single chip. MOTOROLA Corporations characteristic and so on MC68HC05 series its high speed low price has won many users. Zilog Corporations Z8 series product representative works are Z8671, contains BASIC the Debug interpreter, enormous place then user. But American country half COP800 series single chip then uses the advanced Harvard structure. ATMEL Corporation then perfectly unifies single chip technology and the advanced Flash
