1、中文 3845 字 本科毕业设计（论文） 外 文 翻 译 原文 ： Rural education in Romania: Present and perspectives Abstract The current study contains the main conclusions of a field research made in 61 Romanian villages whose objective is to capture specific characteristics of the forms and the rural educational institutions.
2、 The local educational system under research depends on factors like: experience and degree education of the local educational staff； the logistic of the local educational institutions； the specific searching methods used by each institution； the interferences with the city community (rural-urbane i
3、nterrelationship). Starting on this conclusions and priority, trustfully thinking the objective data, the research papers present some achievement directions for a better placed rural education. 1. Introduction Knowing the valuable cultural educational traditions who were offering during time vitali
4、ty to the rural educational world but also those who manage to develop or stop from evolving some of the rural educational institutions, we thought useful and necessary the undergoing of an empiric field research having as purpose the study of specific aspects of rural education following both direc
5、tions in the historical events (the horizontally and the vertically level), emphasizing on the value and the roles that the forms and the rural educational institutions have. The research made in 61 Romanian villages was oriented by the next objectives: identifying the human and material resources a
6、nd also the forms and the methods used to put in value the rural educational institutions； discovering the dysfunctional factors, the negative things who degraded in time some forms and systems of the rural education； setting up the long-term factors to place and replace the rural education to the l
7、evel of their importance and integrate it into development projects. Concerning the specific area of our investigation, the reviewing of some indicators such as: the material condition of the educational institutions (cultural home, school, local library), the volume and the quality of the personal
8、having educational meaning, the forms and the educational methods of the specific rural educators on the local population etc., this review revealed by comparing a sort of good and bad factors who are imprinting the functioning of the rural educational institutions. The knowledge of these factors is
9、 very important because this way the expectations factors can be discovered in attempt of developing the education in the rural areas. The field research results went us to the conclusion that the efficiency of the local educational system depends on the following factors: experience and degree educ
10、ation of the local educational staff； the logistic； the specific searching methods used by each institution； the rural-urbane relationship. 1.1. The functioning efficiency of the educational institutions depends on the professional degree of those working in it, show us the result of our project. Fo
11、r example, there where the cultural homes directors had completed specific education in organized forms like courses of many years, you can tell about their vocational status by the activities they organized and the feed-back received from the village population, from their participation to the prog
12、rams. This case applies only in two villages (Sarmas and Deda), places where indeed the cultural home deserve to be called cultural institution. More then that, the principals of this two institutions are the only ones in the researched area who besides their jobs they have two more professional res
13、ponsibilities tide up with their cultural homes runner capacities, such as: principal of the Popular University and also leader of the local music band； librarian and upholder of the local museum. Therefore most of their time is spend for the good function of the institutions they run, fact which is
14、 better revealed by the activities they organize. Not the same thing happens in other locations like Suplac and Coroisanmartin where the cultural homes have only names and not leaders in fact, because in the curriculum is not to be found any cultural-educational activity. The cultural home used to b
15、e cultural once. Now the culture moved into bars, disco clubs and television an old village man said. Indeed, the cultural home today had only a symbolic meaning in most of the rural areas instead of what it meant to be in the past for the rural community as permanent education centre. Just the memo
16、ries of the past, a functional past keeps it alive with its status of cultural institution. Sadly, today in most of the rural locations the cultural home there is an institution used in nocturnal loisir purpose like disco club, weddings, parties. The same as in the cultural homes case, in that conce
17、rning the communes libraries, the professional training of those running this institutions is very important, fact picked-up from the higher percentage of readers in library, especially from the percentage of adults readers over 14 years of age since on the area under investigation the percentage of
18、 the 14 years old readers is the highest, out coming from this situation the accent made on school reading but also the weak implication of the adults in raising the importance of public reading. 1.2.The material condition of the rural educational institutions its another indicator for its functiona
19、l status, shows our research results. This explain why some of the cultural homes who have in their administration rooms for different instructive classes and under inventory use high technique devices and their budget count constant high funds (billions of Romanian lei) are looked for their educati
20、ve potential, becoming fine institutions with a reach educative activity. As example we have cultural homes from Rusii-Munti, Sarmas, Raciu and Deda. We may say that those who are running these institutions have learned not only the cultural management, but especially the financial one. In other loc
21、alities the buildings are badly ruined, time degrading what is left and as those buildings who comes from an old poque are to be preserved the happy reality is that are used for night clubs and other kind of entertaining. We should not forget that at the present time these institutions are working in self-financing regime, law nr. 4421994 republished in 1997: rule nr.9 “Financing the current costs and the cultural homes capital is upheld by extra budget funds and money allocation coming from the local commune budget. This way, the cultural
