1、PDF外文：http:/ 中文 4490 字 本科毕业 论文 （ 设计 ） 外 文 翻 译 外文题目 Corporate Social Responsibility, OwnershipStructure, and Political Interference: Evidence from China
2、; 外文出处 Journal of Business Ethics 2010（ 96）： P631-645 &n
3、bsp; 外文 作者 Wenjing Li Ran Zhang
4、; 原文 ： Corporate Social Responsibility, Ownership Structure, and Political Interference: Evidence from China Introduction In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the role of cor
5、porations in society in an international setting. Among the unresolved issues that deserve attention, Aguilera et al. (2007, p. 837) postulate that an important question in corporate social responsibility (CSR) requiring further attention is what catalyzes organizations to engage in increasingly rob
6、ust CSR initiatives. Prior research studies (Chapple and Moon, 2005； Deniz-Deniz and Garcia-Falcon, 2002； Graves and Waddock, 1994； Johnson and Greening, 1999； Muller and Kolk, 2010； Roberts, 1992； Stanwick and Stanwick, 1998； Zu and Song, 2009) document a link among CSR and rm size, protability, co
7、rporate governance, leverage, employees, industry, and environmental pressures, e.g., shareholder demands, regulation, or media pressure. Among those studies, Graves and Waddock (1994) and Johnson and Greening (1999) document a relationship between rm ownership structure and CSR. Keim (1978), Ullman
8、n (1985), and Roberts (1992) all document a positive relationship between dispersed corporate ownership and CSR disclosure in the context of developed countries. Given the difference in peoples ethical reasoning and decisions between developed and 2 emerging countries (Ge and Thomas, 2007； Lam and S
9、hi, 2008； Whitcomb et al., 1998), does ownership structure also affect CSR in emerging markets such as China? Do the factors that have been previously documented to drive CSR in Anglo-American countries (the USA and the UK) also determine CSR in emerging markets? In order to answer those questions,
10、our study focuses on examining how a rms ownership structure and political interference affect CSR in the largest emerging market, namely, China. Using Shanghai National Accounting Institutes (SNAI) Chinese rms social responsibility ranking, we show that for non-state-owned rms, corporate owne
11、rship dispersion is positively associated to CSR. However, for state-owned rms, this relation is reversed. We attribute the reversed relationship to political interferences and further test this hypothesis by demonstrating that regional economic development is negatively related to CSR for state-own
12、ed rms due to decreased political interference in more developed areas. The results also reveal that rms size, protability, employee power, leverage, and growth opportunity affect CSRs in China. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this study directly examined the relatio
13、nship between ownership structure and CSR in emerging markets, and our results depict that it is important to consider ownership type in assessing CSR in emerging market where state ownership is still prevalent, such as in China. Second, the high extent of retained government ownership in China allo
14、ws us to investigate the link between CSR and ownership type using a unique data set provided by SNAI Chinese rms social responsibility ranking. Our ndings on the relationship between rm ownership type and CSR have implications in other countries where state-ownership is still prevalent, such as Sin
15、gapore, Malaysia, Austria, and Finland (Claessens et al., 2000； Faccio and Lang, 2002). Third, we provide evidence of associations between CSR and rms size, protability, corporate governance, environmental pressures, and leverage. These ndings are consistent with those of prior research, which are m
16、ostly documented in the developed-country context, suggesting that CSR activities are largely driven by strategic motivations and are constricted by economic considerations. Finally, while the issue of CSR has attracted 3 growing research interest in recent years, most empirical results are based on
17、 the US data and this article is the rst empirical CSR research examining drivers of CSR in emerging markets to use a large research sample. In both Amato and Amato (2007) and Muller and Whiteman (2009), the corresponding authors advocate non-US-based studies of CSR to examine the effect of cultural
18、, economic, legal, and ethical differences in corporate social performance. This article adds to a growing number of non-US studies by investigating the link between rms characteristics and CSR in China, the largest emerging market in the world. The remainder of this study is organized as foll
19、ows: The next section shows the relevant literature and identies our research questions. The third section provides an institutional background and develops hypotheses. The fourth section discusses data gathering and methodology. The fth section presents results, and the last section concludes, sugg
20、esting implications of the study. Literature review Prior research on CSR mainly focuses on conceptualizing as well as empirically assessing its impact on business performance. A number of studies have been conducted in an attempt to link CSR with nancial performance (i.e., Abratt and Sacks,
21、1988； Aupperle et al., 1985； Russo and Fouts, 1997； Waddock and Graves, 1997). In addition to corporate performance, recent studies also examined the impact of CSR on other stakeholders of the companies. For example, Mohr et al. (2001) observe the impact of CSR on the customer buying behavior, while
22、 Turban and Greening (1997) examine the impact of CSR on the organizational attractiveness to employees. Compared with the growing body of literature on the nature and consequences of CSR, however, the issue of how to improve the companies level of CSR, or what factors determine CSR level, has received relatively limited attention, especially in the emerging market setting. Jones (1999) establishes that an institutional framework for the determinants of CSR, suggesting that institutional structure, such as sociocultural, national economy, industry, rm, and individual, mainly determines
