1、中文 2935 字 毕 业 设 计（论 文） 外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文 译文题目： DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 学生姓名： 杨涛 学 号： 1106101047 专 业： 土木工程 所在学院： 建筑工程学院 2014 年 12 月 31 日 原文： DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1. BASIC CONCERPTS AND CHARACERACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE Plain concrete is formed from harden
2、ed mixture of cement, water , fine aggregate , coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel ) , air and often other admixtures . The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to accelerate of the chemical hydration of hen cement mix and results in a hardened concrete. It is gen
3、erally known that concrete has high compressive strength and low resistance to tension. Its tensile strength is approximately one-tenth of its compressive strength. Consequently, tensile reinforcement in the tension zone has to be provided to supplement the tensile strength of the reinforced concret
4、e section. For example, a plain concrete beam under a uniformly distributed load q is shown in Fig . 1.1(a), when the distributed load increases and reaches a value q=1.37KN/m , the tensile region at the mid-span will be cracked and the beam will fail suddenly . A reinforced concrete beam if the sam
5、e size but has to steel reinforcing bars (216) embedded at the bottom under a uniformly distributed load q is shown in Fig.1.1(b). The reinforcing bars take up the tension there after the concrete is cracked. When the load q is increased, the width of the cracks, the deflection and the stress of ste
6、el bars will increase . When the steel approaches the yielding stress y , the deflection and the cracked width are so large offering some warning that the compression zone . The failure load q=9.31KN/m, is approximately 6.8 times that for the plain concrete beam. Concrete and reinforcement can work
7、together because there is a sufficiently strong bond between the two materials, there are no relative movements of the bars and the surrounding concrete cracking. The thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are 1.210-5K-1 for steel and 1.010-51.510-5K-1 for concrete . Generally speaking,
8、 reinforced structure possess following features : Durability .With the reinforcing steel protected by the concrete , reinforced concrete Fig.1.1Plain concrete beam and reinforced concrete beam Is perhaps one of the most durable materials for construction .It does not rot rust , and is not vulnerabl
9、e to efflorescence . (2)Fire resistance .Both concrete an steel are not inflammable materials .They would not be affected by fire below the temperature of 200 when there is a moderate amount of concrete cover giving sufficient thermal insulation to the embedded reinforcement bars. (3)High stiffness
10、.Most reinforced concrete structures have comparatively large cross sections .As concrete has high modulus of elasticity, reinforced concrete structures are usually stiffer than structures of other materials, thus they are less prone to large deformations, This property also makes the reinforced con
11、crete less adaptable to situations requiring certain flexibility, such as high-rise buildings under seismic load, and particular provisions have to be made if reinforced concrete is used. (4)Locally available resources. It is always possible to make use of the local resources of labour and materials
12、 such as fine and coarse aggregates. Only cement and reinforcement need to be brought in from outside provinces. (5)Cost effective. Comparing with steel structures, reinforced concrete structures are cheaper. (6)Large dead mass, The density of reinforced concrete may reach 24002500kg/m3.Compare with structures of other materials, reinforced concrete structures generally have a heavy dead mass. However, this may be not always disadvantageous, 1.37kn/m 6m 200 400 (a)plain concrete beam 9.31kn/m 6m 200 400 (b)Reinfoced concrete beam 2 16
