1、中文 3730 字 英文原文 The application of modern surveying technology in mining Abstract With the unceasing appearance and widespread application of new surveying technology, the present age mining survey has meet huge change. However, lots of problems occurred while using the new techniques since the numbe
2、r of mine is large in China and condition of the mine district in complex, it in some sense influenced the mine exploitation and management of China. Summarized the present situation of new technical application in mining survey, including the advanced instrumentation equipment,the”3S”technology,the
3、 information and the network technology and the information fusion technology and so on, and analyzed the problems which exists in the current mining survey, it also provided new ways to present age mining survey from the sustainable development angle. Keywords modern surveying technology, mining su
4、rvey, information fusion, sustainable development Introduction As the important material elements for the development of society and economy, mineral resources have made outstanding to the economic development and social progress, and bring many problems as well. Especially in developing countries,
5、the mine enterprise management is extensive, the technical equipment is backward and the labor productivity is low, major and extraordinarily serious accidents happen sometimes, resource and environment safety state deteriorated in mining district. Science and technology advancement is the key to re
6、solve this phenomenon. At present, with the continuous appearance of modern surveying and mapping technology, particularly the widespread application of “3S” technology, the present age mining survey has changed essentially. The rapid development of information and network offers the wide space for
7、the application of these new technologies. This article summarized the present situation of new technical application in mining survey, discussed the problem that exists in it and provides new ways to present age mining survey. 1 The application of modern surveying instrument Nowadays, the developme
8、nt of mine surveying instrument and its application mainly displays in the following aspects: the wide use of geodimeter and electronic tacheometer (e.g. total station) . As the most widely used surveying instrument at present, total station is a kind of photoelectric measuring instrument, which is
9、integrated with the advantage of range finder and electronic theodolite. Intelligentized total station is the maximum selling surveying instrument at the present time, and is the future development trend as well. It incorporates the latest scientific achievements of optics, electrics, magnetics and
10、mechanics, and can measure distance and angle at the same time. Total station has been used widely in mining survey because of its obvious advantages just as follows: simultaneously have the function of theodolite and range finder； provides digital form surveying production； simple operation； with e
11、lectronic book. Besides of many common surveying instruments, a certain of special instrument must be used in mining survey because of the particularity of mine surveying environment, such as explosion-proof instrument (geodimeter, electronic theodolite, total station etc.), spatially in connection
12、survey and underground mining survey. The appearance of new surveying instrument which fit to mine surveying (e.g. automatic observation gyro theodolite, single degree of freedom gyroscope) makes mining survey steps into a new period, that makes mining survey work toward to efficient, intellinent an
13、d automatic development direction. 2 The application of spatial information technology in mining survey With the development of the modern surveying technology, remote Sensing (RS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) which is abbreviated as “3S” technology, plays
14、 an important role in resource and environment information acquisition, management and analysis evaluation in industrial and mining area. The RS technology application in mining survey has last very long period and have accumulated rich experiences. The main usage is to recognize ground feature and
15、environment status of mining area, select suited remote sensing data source and process data fusion, false color composite, geometric correction and so on to establish interpretation key and recognition model of remote sensing target. Compared with traditional mapping method, remote sensing techniqu
16、e shows its excellent efficiency, low cost and high precision, it has been proved to be a good method. The key theoretics and technologies of space remote sensing used in mining survey are in researching. By using remote sensing data, we can obtain real-time, dynamic and compositive information of m
17、ining district, monitor its environment and provide decision support of mining area environmental protection. At the same time, remote sensing data can also used for prospecting, the geological condition research of mining area and the coal seam roof and floor research and so on. RS technology provi
18、des a very important guarantee to the successful accomplishment of modern mining survey tasks. The main use of GPS technology in mine surveying is to substitute the traditional ground surveying and mapping. For example, to establish, monitor and repair surveying control network of mining area, to mo
19、nitor buildings and mining subsidence, to monitor the stability of open-pit slope etc. With the continuous increase of GPS receivers cost performance, the ground surface application of GPS in mining area has become a very important support technique during mine surveying. Coordinate with other conve
20、ntional science and technology methods, GPS and RS technology used in the mining area geologic survey, the geological mapping and in the prospecting exploration shows better effect and high benefit. The mining area application of GIS already became an important development direction in mining survey
21、. By establishing the mining area resources and environment information system based on the GIS technology, we may process the mining area ground, the underground space and the resource & environment informations input, storage, processing, display and output. Mining map drawing, mines development a
22、nd design, the rational utilization of resources and the analysis appraisal of ecological environment, the regional planning and the sustainable development decision-making and so on. 3 The application of information fusion technology in mining survey 3.1 The integration of “3S” technology In tradit
23、ional mine management mode, the common way to monitor the mine development status and the mine environment due to mining is dynamic inspect method. The method needs long period and has poor timeliness and lower accuracy. At present, the integration of “3S” technology (RS, GPS and GIS) can realize th
24、e analysis of the implementation situation for mineral resources planning, and the effect evaluate of mineral environmental control projection. This technique can also provide evidence for administration management department and the corporations macroscopic decision department rapidly, effectively
25、and economically. 3.2 The fusion of ISS and GPS technology At present, the appearance of Inertial Surveying System (ISS) technique provide us a new means of geodetic surveying, engineering surveying and mine surveying. As a navigation positioning technique, ISS has many advantages such as all-weather, autonomous, fast, multifunctional and flexible etc. This make it preliminary used in mining survey. The integration of GPS and ISS could be a perspective development technology to mine surveying. 3.3 The fusion of GPS and INSAR technology
