1、中文 4337 字 英文原文 Monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in an open pit based on GIS/GPS/GPRS Abstract Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, an intelligent monitoring and dispatch system of trucks and shovels in an open pit has been designed and developed. The system can monitor and dispatch o
2、pen-pit trucks and shovels and play back their historical paths. An intelligent data algorithm is proposed in a practical applicat- ion. The algorithm can count the times of deliveries of trucks and loadings of shovels. Experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable an
3、d can satisfy production standards in open pits. Keywords GIS； GPS； GPRS； dispatch； data processing； open pit 1 . Introduction To date the development of truck monitoring dinpatch systems in the world, such as the DISPATCH monitoring system of the American Module Company has reached a highly mature
4、level and is almost univernal. It has developed into a decision-making platform by management as a control system in multi-direction- al mining production, called Intellimine. In 1998, DISPATCH was introduced into the Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi, China. It has clearly enhanced the service efficien
5、cy of equipment, improved the management level in the open pits and obtained better overall benefits. In 2003, the Dandong Dong-fang Measurement and Control Technology Co. Ltd.,together with the Qidashan Iron Mine have developed a dispatch management system for trucks in open pits. The system has be
6、come indispensable to daily production management. It must be emphatically pointed out that the greatest disadvantage of these systems is that they cost too much. The major cause is that an independent communication network needs to be established and maintained by every open pit. Many mines can not
7、 afford such a system. However, using GIS/GPS/GPRS technologies, it is not necessary to establish independent communication networks in every open pit. The network can be maintained and upgraded by a third party (e.g., China Mobile Communication Co. Ltd). This can reduce costs considerably and provi
8、des a good platform for medium and small open pit mines to establish a fast, highly tive, and practical ground transportation system. Such a system is very important in enhancing labor productivity, reduce mining costs and promote mining technologies to an unprecedented level in open pits. 2 . GIS/G
9、PS/GPRS 2.1 GIS The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one kind of computer system gathering, storing, managing,analyzing, demonstrating and applying geographic information. It is a general technology that can analyze and process enormous amounts of geographic data. It takes a geographic space d
10、atabase as its foundat- ion, uses a geographic model analysis method to provide many kinds of spatial and dynamic geographic information and serves as a geographic research and decision-making tool. It has some basic functions such as electronic mapping, spatial data management and spatial informati
11、on analysis. GIS has been applied in many fields to establish all kinds of spatial databases and decision support systems,each with different criteria and provide answers to many different formal spatial inquiries, spatial analyses and assistance plans and decision-making func- tions. To date, GIS h
12、as pits. The task been gradually applied in open of a monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits is to track, monitor and manage production equipment,which depends largely on geographic spatial information. Therefore GIS plays an important role in visual supervisory sy
13、stems of trucks, real-time dynamic management and assistance in decision analysis. 2.2 GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed in orbit. Their ground stations are managed by the U.S. Department of Defense. A GPS rece
14、iver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movements. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the 3D position of trucks (latitude, longitude and elevation). Once the position of the truck ha
15、s been dete- rmined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, suprise and sunset time and more. GPS works in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or establishment charges to use GPS. To date,
16、as GPS units are becoming smaller and less expensive, there are an expanding number of applications for GPS in open pits. With GPS, the monitor- ing dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits provides cua- ccurate position (latitude and longitude), speed, bearing, time, track and
17、 more basic information of trucks and shovels. 2.3 GPRS The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is one of GSMPhase2+ standard realization contents and can provide fast data transmission speed. Theoretically, this service is ten times faster than the current Circuit Switched Data services on GSM netw
18、orks. GPRS uses the same frequency range,bandwidth, sharpedged structure wireless modulation standard,frequency-hopping rule and TDMA frame structure as GSM. The monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits largely uses the advantages of GPRS such as faster speed and ins
19、tant connections as the need arises and charging by amount of data. It can provide realt- ime wire- less transmission and is very quick without a dial-up modem connection to GPS equipment for position information. That is very important because GPS position information has room for only a small amou
20、nt of data and needs to be transmitted frequently. So this system can make good use of GPRS to transmit GPS position information. 3. Principle of monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels 3.1 Monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels The monitoring dispatch system is composed of mobile
21、 terminals carried by vehicles, a communication network and a monitoring center, as shown in Fig.1 . In this system the mobile terminals receive GPS signals and then calculate the latitude, longitude, angle, elevation and speed of the vehicles. The expansion interfaces of mobile terminals can also m
22、eet many examination and control lines to obtain the information from the vehicles. Each kind of information is transm- itted to the monitoring center through GPRS and the Internet. GPRS, as a teleco- mmunications network between the mobile terminals and monitoring center, mainly transmits the infor
23、mation on position and condition of the vehicle and information in case of an alarm, to the monitoring center, which in turn transmits dispatch and control commands to the vehides. In the monitoring center, the communication server, the database server and the console are connected by a 100M local a
24、rea network. The monitoring center under control of the system software system receives and processes all kinds of information coming from the controlled vehicles. The position, paths and other information of the vehicles are displayed at LED multimedia monitors and electronic maps in the monitoring
25、 center and from these the vehicles can be monitored and dispatched. Besides, the system may establish other centers with monitoring and dispatch subsystems in different regions. This sub-center with independent or relatively independent monitoring dispatch functions can be can be controlled from the center.
