1、PDF外文：http:/ 中文 4430 字 毕业设计 (论文 )外文翻译 学生姓名 专业班级 R 机械 08-3 班 所在院系 机械工程学院 指导教师 职 称
2、 讲师 所在单位 软件工程教研室 完成日期 2013 年 4 月 5 日 2 外文原文 Behavior R
3、esearch Methods 2005, 37 (4), 703-710 Generic HTML Form Processor: A versatile PHP script to save Web-collected data into a MySQL database Anja S Gritz and Michael H Birnbaum In the last decade, the execution of experiments and surveys via the World-Wide Web has become an established method (s
4、ee Birnbaum, 2001, 2004a, 2004b； Kraut etal.,2004). Several reviews have concluded that the quality of data achieved in online studies can be comparable to, and sometimes better than, that obtained. by more traditional methods involving a lab, paper questionnaires, or telephone interviews (Birnbaum,
5、 2001； Krantz & Dalal, 2000； McGraw, Tew, & Williams, 2000). There are other advantages of Web research. On the Web, people can be tested at any time and place, laboratory rooms or physically present experimenters are not necessary (so experimenter effects remain constant), and automated dat
6、a handling reduces both the labor and error of data coding and entry (Birnbaum & Reips, 2005； Gritz & Schumacher, 2000).In addition, the Web method allows one to collect large samples inexpensively, which makes it possible to draw clear conclusions and to check their generality to different
7、subsamples tested (Birnbaum, 1999； Reips, 2002). An example of an HTML Web form is given in Birnbaum (2000). Such an HTML page can be placed on a server, where the participant can view it and fill in answers by typing in information and clicking on choices. When the participant is finished, he or sh
8、e can then click on a button to send the data. Birnbaums (2000) surveyWiz and factorWiz are freely available programs that make it easy to create HTML forms for simple surveys and within subjects factorial experiments. Reips and Neuhaus (2002) have developed WEXTOR, which is useful for generating We
9、b experiments that utilize (for instance) between subjects factorial designs with multiple pages for different conditions. Sending Data From an HTML Form There are three methods of receiving data that have been collected through an HTML form. The first method is to use the “get” method and extract t
10、he form input from the server log files (see Birnbaum & Reips, 2005). A second method is to have 3 the form data e-mailed to the researcher. This can be done by means of the HTML forms action attributefor example, . However, some systems refuse such an action attribute if, for example, no e-mail
11、 client is set up (as might be the case for, e.g., computers in a public library). Moreover, some browsers issue a more or less draconian alert, which the participant has to confirm for the data to be e-mailed. Most problematic for large efforts, though, is the fact that each submission generates it
12、s own e-mail, so data need to be extracted from thousands of individual e-mails and merged into one data file. Thus, whereas the e-mail method might be useful during testing of a form or for small efforts like obtaining RSVPs to a party, the method is not practical for large research projects. The t
13、hird method is to use server-side CGI (“common gateway interface”) scripts to process and save the form data. In this case, the action attribute of a Web form sends the forms data to a CGI script that is located on a Web server (Schmidt, 1997, 2000). An example of such an attribute is . Thus, use of
14、 CGI requires the researcher to have access to a CGI-enabled directory on a Web server. There are several benefits of using a CGI script: First, the CGI can process the data and save them in a file format ready for analysis. Order bias can be eliminated by presenting items and alternative answers in
15、 random order, and the CGI can reorganize the data. Also, skip patterns can be incorporated into questionnaires. In addition, participants input can be validated in real time； for example, data errors can be detected and respondents pointed to omitted items (Gritz & Schumacher, 2000).CGI scripts
16、 can be written in any language that a given server can execute, such as ASP (“active server pages”),Perl (“practical extraction and report language”), or PHP (“hypertext preprocessor”). PHP is an increasingly popular scripting language (see As with Perl, PHP interpreters are open-source, free, and
17、 available for many different platforms. One can check the availability of PHP for ones own platform and download a suitable installation package from the Downloads section of the PHP home at . Run Your Own Server With Apache, PHP, and MySQL There are many advantages to running your own server (Birnbaum & Reips, 2005； Schmidt, Hoffman, & MacDonald, 1997). You can configure the most common
