1、中文 3034 字 Database history The data bank technology from the birth to the present, in half centurys time, has formed the solid rationale, the mature commercial product and the widespread application domain, attraction more and more researchers joins. The database birth and the development have broug
2、ht a huge revolution for the computer information management. More than 30 for years, domestic and foreign already developed have constructed tens of thousands of databases, it has become the enterprise, the department and even individual routine work, the production and the life infrastructure. At
3、the same time, along with application expansion and thorough, database quantity and the scale are getting bigger and bigger, the database research area also already greatly developed broad and deepens. during 30 years the database domain has obtained three computer Turing (C.W. Bachman, E.F.Codd, J.
4、Gray), explained fully the database is one vital and the innovative spirit domain. Lets us along the historical path, traces the database the devel. The Data management of birth The database history may trace 50 years ago, at that time data management was simple. Through massive classified, the comp
5、arison and the form plans machine run several million punched card carries on the data processing, its movement result prints on the paper or makes the new punched card. But the data management is carries on physical to all these punched card the storage and processing. However, Remington Rand Corpo
6、ration (Remington Rand Inc. ) one kind was called the Univac I computer to promote one kind of one second to be possible to input several hundred records the tape drives, thus has initiated the data management revolution in 1951. IBM produced first disk driver - the Model 305 RAMAC in 1956. This dri
7、ver has 50 disk sheets, each disk sheet diameter is 2 feet, may store up 5MB the data. Uses the floppy disk biggest advantage is may deposit and withdraw the data stochastically, but the punched card and the magnetic tape can only the sequential access data. Cullinane Corporation (was also afterward
8、 Cullinet software company) in 1973, started to sell Goodrich Corporations IDMS improvement edition, and became at that time in gradually the world the biggest software company. The Relational database of the origin The netted database and the level database well had already solved the data centrali
9、sm and the sharing question, but still had in the data independence and the abstract rank is very greatly defective. The user when carries on the deposit to these two kind of databases, still needed to be clear about the data the memory structure, points out the access path. Then appears the relatio
10、nal database has solved these problems well. In 1970, IBM Researcher Dr. E.F.Codd “Communication of the ACM” on has published named in the publication “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” the paper, proposed relational models concept, has laid the relational model rationale. Alth
11、ough before Childs already proposed face the set model in 1968, however this paper was revealed generally is in the database system history has the epoch-making significance milestone. The Codd wish is for a database creation exquisite data model. Afterward Codd one after another published many arti
12、cles, elaborated the model theory and the weight relational systems 12 standards, has laid the relational database foundation with the mathematical theory. The relational model has the strict mathematics foundation, the abstract rank is quite high, moreover simple clear, is advantageous for the unde
13、rstanding and the use. But at that time also some people thought that the relational model is the idealized data model, uses for to realize DBMS is not realistic, especially the worry relational databases performance accepts with difficulty, some people regarded it to at that time to carry on the ne
14、tted database standardization work threaten seriously. In order to promote to the question the understanding, the ACM coordination organized a seminar in 1974, at the meeting to develop respectively take Codd and Bachman as heads support and the opposition relational database two school of between d
15、ebates. This famous debate promoted the relational database development, causes it to end in the modern database product the mainstream. Structured query language (SQL) In 1974, IBM Ray Boyce and Don Chamberlin displayed the Codd relational databases 12 criterions mathematics definitions by the simp
16、le key words grammar, the milestone type proposed SQL (Structured Query Language) the language. The SQL languages function including the inquiry, the operation, the definition and the control, is one comprehensive, the general relational database language, simultaneously is also one kind of altitude
17、 non - proceduring language, only requests the user to point out that makes anything, but does not need to point out how to do. The SQL integration has realized in the database life cycle complete operation. SQL provided has carried on the interactive method with the relational database, it might wo
18、rk together with the standard programming language. From has the date, the SQL language has then become the examination relational database touchstone, but SQL language standards each change is instructing the relational database product development direction. However, until the mid - 1970s. At pres
19、ent the SQL standard has 3 editions. The basic SQL definition is ANSIX3135-89, “Database Language - SQL with Integrity Enhancement” ANS89, is called SQL-89 generally. SQL-89 has defined the mode definition, the data manipulation and business processes. SQL - 89 and afterward ANSIX3168-1989, “Databas
20、e Language - Embedded SQL” constituted the first generation of SQL standard. ANSIX3135 - 1992ANS92 described one kind of enhancement function SQL, now is called the SQL - 92 standard. SQL - 92 including pattern operation, dynamic enhancement characteristics and so on foundation and SQL sentence dyna
21、mic execution, network environment support. After completing the SQL - 92 standard, ANSI and ISO namely start to cooperate develop the SQL3 standard. The SQL3 main feature lies in the abstract data type the support, has provided the standard for the new generation object relationship database. Objec
22、t-oriented database Technology is very mature, but its limitation is also obvious: It can process so-called “the form data” well, more and more complex types data which appears to the technical fields are actually helpless. After the 90s, the technical fields has been studying and seeks the new data
23、base system. But in anything is in the new database systems development direction question, the industrial field once was quite puzzled. At that time technical unrest influence, in quite period of time, people massive energy flower in research “object-oriented database system (object oriented databa
24、se)” or abbreviation “OO database system” What is worth mentioning, American Professor Stonebraker proposed the object-oriented relations database theory once received the industrial field the favor. But Stonebraker myself at that time was also hired by the Informix flower high price for the technical total person in charge. However, several years development indicated that the object-oriented relations
