1、中文 2150 字 Technology and Application of Artificial Intelligence Yao Xifang AI (Artificial Intelligence), the English abbreviation for the AI, is a computer-science, control theory, information theory, linguistics, neurophysiology, psychology, mathematics, philosophy and other subjects of mutual pene
2、tration and developed a comprehensive new subject . Since its inception through the wave Folding AI, but finally, as an edge of the new discipline recognized by the world and has attracted much interest and concern. Many other disciplines not only introduced or borrowed AI technology, and AI in expe
3、rt systems, natural language processing and image recognition have become the three major emerging knowledge industry breakthrough. Artificial Intelligence of the mankind can be traced back to the seventeenth century Pascal and Leibniz, who had earlier initiation of the idea of intelligent machines.
4、 Nineteenth century, British mathematician and German o Boolean Morgan proposed the law of thought, which can be described as the beginning of artificial intelligence. Twenties of the nineteenth century, British scientists Babbage designed the first computer device, which is considered to be compute
5、r hardware, is the predecessor of artificial intelligence hardware. The advent of computer, so that artificial intelligence really possible. As a discipline, artificial intelligence came in 1956, is by the father of artificial intelligence, McCarthy and a group of mathematicians, information scienti
6、sts, psychologists, neurophysiologists, computer scientists at a meeting of Dartmouth University, the first times proposed. Of artificial intelligence research, because of the different point of view, the formation of different schools. This is the: symbol school of thought, connecting school of tho
7、ught school of thought and behavior. AI is a symbol of traditional doctrine, it Newell and Simons physical symbol system assumptions. Physical symbol system is an entity composed of a set of symbols, which are the physical model, the entities in the symbolic structure appears as a component can be g
8、enerated through a variety of operations other symbols structure. Physical symbol system hypothesis: physical symbol system is the intelligent behavior of the sufficient and necessary conditions. Main task is to general problem solver (General Problem Solver, GPS): through abstraction, a real system
9、 into a symbol system, based on the symbol system, using the dynamic search method for solving the problem. School of thought is the connection from the human brain structure of the starting system to study the non-procedural, and adaptive, the brains information processing style, the nature and cap
10、acity of neurons in a large number of simple information processing capacity of the Group and its dynamic behavior. It is also known as neural computation. Research focus is focused on simulation and realization of mans understanding of the process of sensation, perception process, thinking in image
11、s, distributed memory and self-learning, self-organizing process. Behaviorist school of psychology, starting from the behavior of that intelligence is only the interaction with the environment in the show. Artificial intelligence research has gone through several stages: The first stage: the rise of
12、 artificial intelligence 50 years and cold After the first time the concept of artificial intelligence, there have been a number of significant results, such as machine theorem proving, chess program, general problem solving procedure s, LISP list processing language. However, due to the limited dig
13、estion reasoning, and machine translation, etc. The failure of the artificial intelligence into a low ebb. This stage is characterized by: attention to problem-solving methods, ignoring the importance of knowledge. The second stage: the late 60s to 70 years, expert systems have enabled a new upsurge
14、 of artificial intelligence research. Chemical mass spectrometry system DENDRAL, MYCIN disease diagnosis and treatment system, PROSPECTIOR prospecting system, Hearsay-II speech understanding systems, expert systems research and development, will lead a practical artificial intelligence. And in 1969
15、established the International Joint Conference Artificial Intelligence (International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence is IJCAI). Phase III: 80 years, with the development of fifth generation computers, artificial intelligence has been great development. Japan, in 1982 the fifth generati
16、on computer development program, or knowledge information processing computer system KIPS, its purpose is to make logical reasoning to numerical operations so fast. While this plan ultimately failed, but it formed a study conducted artificial boom. Phase IV: the late 80s, the rapid development of ne
17、ural networks. In 1987, the United States convened the first International Conference on Neural Networks, announced the birth of this new discipline. Since then, the countrys investment in the neural network gradually increased, neural network has developed rapidly. Phase V: 90s, a new study of arti
18、ficial intelligence climax As the network technology, especially the international development of Internet technology, artificial intelligence research began to shift from the single-agent distributed network environment based on artificial intelligence research. Not only based on the same goal of a
19、 distributed problem solving, and studied by the agent for multi-objective problem solving, artificial intelligence is more practical oriented. In addition, the Hopfield neural network model of the proposed multi-layer, so that research and application of artificial neural network thriving scene the
20、re. Artificial intelligence has penetrated into all areas of social life. IBM, Deep Blue computer beat the human world chess champion, the United States has developed a multi-Agent system application to important research information superhighway plan, based on Agent technology Softbot (software rob
21、ots) in software and network search engines has been fully applied at the same time, the U.S. Sandia Laboratories has established the Internationals largest virtual reality laboratory, to be adopted by the helmet and data glove data to achieve a more friendly human-computer interaction, intelligent
22、user interface to build better. Image processing and image recognition, voice processing and voice recognition to obtain a good development, IBM introduced the ViaVoice voice recognition software to make the sound as an important information input media. Major international computer companies began
23、to artificial intelligence as its research. People generally believe that the computer will be to the network, intelligent, parallel direction. The twenty-first century information technology will be an intelligent information processing center. The main content of current artificial intelligence: d
24、istributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent system, artificial model of thinking, knowledge systems (including expert systems, knowledge-based systems and intelligent decision system), Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (from a large number of incomplete , fuzzy, noisy data mining useful kno
25、wledge out of us), Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (Genetic and Evolutionary Biology by theoretical simulations to reveal the evolutionary laws of human intelligence), artificial life (by constructing a simple artificial life systems (such as: machine worm) and observe their behavior to explore the mysteries of the primary intelligence), AI (such as: fuzzy control, intelligent buildings, intelligent human-machine interface, intelligent robots, etc.) and so on.
