1、附录 A 外文资料翻译 A.1：英文 The Role of Electricity in Quality and Reliability L.ANDON GOODMAN, BSc(Eng) , ARTCS, CEng , MIMechE, FIEE, MIProdE , MBIM , MIMH, FRSA It would be difficult today to find any manufacturing unit which does not rely on electricity at some stage of a production cycle . Electricity i
2、s a versatile energy source and has consequently found widespread use, so much so that its part in modern production methods is not always fully appreciated. Correctly applied electricity is a tool which can contribute immensely in achieving high quality and reliability in industrial production. In
3、describing the role of electricity in quality and reliability this. Paper deals with the services provided by the electricity supply industry and how the utilization of electricity can help in achieving the desired standard of product quality and reliability. the electricity supply industry In the y
4、ear ending 31st March, 1966, 65,672,000,00 0 units of electricity were sold to industry out of a total of 154,124,000,00 0 units. Much of the work of the electricity supply industry has been directed at ensuring reliability of supply for its customers coupled with an efficient generation, transmissi
5、on and distribution system. Work is in progress on a 400,000 volt super grid to be completed in 1970 and a direct current trans mission link, the first of its kind in the world,will be commissioned in the London area in 1970. Reliability of supply The supply industrys record of reliability for the y
6、ear ending March 1966 was good.Preliminary figures from the National Fault Reporting scheme indicate that the overall average continuity of supply was 99.98%.The predominating causes of interruptions were such hazards as gales,lightning,heavy snowfalls and accidental damage caused. For example,by me
7、chanical equipment and workmen s picks,High reliability can only be achieved by intensive effort and the above record is the result of many years of intensive research and development on a number of fronts. For example, careful analysis is made of the reliability records of plant and equipment. This
8、 ensures that purchases are guide d towards that plant and equipment with the best record of reliability. Live line working a means of carrying out maintenance and other work on high voltage over-head lines without interrupting the supply is now routine procedure in many electricity board areas and
9、its wider use is being planned.The technique relies on the use of insulated, long reach tools capable of withstanding 100,000 volts per foot. To the customer the advantage of live line working is reliability of supply. One electricity board has estimated that 1,200,000 customer hours were saved betw
10、een September 1963 and March 1966 through their use of this technique. Expenditure on research in 1965 - 196 6 amounted to 9.43 million and is likely to reach 11.8 million in 1966 - 1967,such i s the investment in the future development of electricity supply. Much of this research is directed at imp
11、roving the efficiency, the reliability and the quality of the supply of electricity and the service offered t o the customer. industrial use of electricity for quality an d reliability Over the past few years the study of quality control and reliability has developed into a major manage ment techniq
12、ue.Quality control is no longer defined simply as an inspection function but is an inherent part of the whole production process. It must be planned and worked for,using whatever means are appropriate. Industry is asked to make its approach to the review of methods of working during Q & R Year as am
13、bitious and original as possible.It would be a great pity if the opportunity were not taken to re-examine the techniques now in use in the light of the technological changes which have taken place in recent years . Even the most conscientious worker can only maintain a high standard of product quali
14、ty when supported by plant and equipment capable of consistently meeting these standards. influence on product Q & R With its many uses in industry it would be impossible to define any particular field of application in which electricity make s its major contribution to Q & R.Th e high degree of pro
15、cess control available and the cleanliness of application are,however,two features which make the use of electricity very suitable and sometimes essential in the manufacture of products of high quality and reliability. Every function within a factory can be said to have some influence on the saleabi
16、lity of the final product. Some of these function s are often regarded as an indirect overhead without rearising the important part they play in achieving a high quality product.Lighting and air-conditioning, which can effect the efficiency of work people, are two possible examples.Nevertheless a gr
17、eat deal depends upon the product design and the production methods adopted, and both must be kept unde r constant review. Q & R problems trace d t o production plant are not necessarily best solved by replacing worn out equipment with its modern counterpart. Examination of the whole process cycle m
18、a y well suggest that a more modern technique should be introduced. Some examples of new approaches to new and old problems are given below. improved Q & R with better lighting As mentioned previously,the contribution made by good lighting to the quality of a product is not always appreciated. In th
19、e manufacture of ornamental tiles,flaws such as deformation, chips cracks etc are inevitable however carefully the process is controlled.By detecting these faults in tiles at an early stage further expensive and wasteful processing is avoided and the final product quality is improved. The result so
20、f an investigation by one wellknown company revealed that 20% of the faulty tiles escaped detection during manufacture, even the at the final inspection stage only 2% were rejected . Thus , 17% of the faulty tiles found their way on to the market. This obviously would not do. The lighting level was
21、generally proved tot-give 60lumens/sq.ft.instead of 10-15 lumens/sq.ft.For early production processes and 140 lumens/sq.ft. For final inspection.The clour quality of the light was also improved. The result is that only 4% of all faulty tiles reach final inspection and 2% are rejected there. Moreover, clour vision in the final stage is now so good that some tiles rejected for off-clour can be accurately regraded according to their shade and sold as seconds .
