1、The car electronics DSP and FPGA application 1 introduction At the end of the 20th century, the global information revolution wave, the rise of the automobile industry for the unprecedented development provides a golden opportunity, information technology is widely applied to solve the car traffic,
2、traffic safety, environment pollution, energy issues such as the best way to dry. At the same time, along with the development of automobile electronic technology, electronic component proportion of vehicle costs which are rising gradually. According to the statistical data show that, at present and
3、 in countries in Europe and America, the production automobile electronic component has accounted for automobile total cost of 20 30, and automotive electronic components with the speed of fast growth year 8.8%, especially the digital signal processor (DSP) chip dosage is will increase by 25 per cen
4、t a year. In 2005, the car to estimate the market scale, electronic component will reach $1.7 billion. Thus, electronic, integration, digital and information, network, intelligent, miniaturization and personalized has become and will continue the development of automobile industry is an important tr
5、end. This paper discusses concentrated in automotive electronics based on DSP and FPGA digital technology. DSP and FPGA technology in many fields are widely used in automotive electronics field, also has its broad application stage. Due to the strong real-time, make its voice real-time processing of
6、 possible, Because it is through the chip structure of software programming instructions to realize its function, so only modify the software and hardware platform should not change can improve the system of original design or the original function, with great flexibility, And because of DSP and FPG
7、A chips for some function is designed, so use range, high yield, the price can be very low. Therefore, DSP and FPGA in automobile electronic system application, will greatly promote the development of automobile electronic technology. 2 DSP and FPGA in automobile electronic application DSP as the pr
8、ogrammable VLSI (DFM) devices, it is through downloadable software or firmware to expand algorithm and the function of digital signal process, it is the most typical USES FIR filters and FFT algorithm. In the hardware, the most basic DSP tectonic units is called the MACs implementation, it is usuall
9、y integration in data channel, which makes the instruction cycle time with the same hardware arithmetic cycle time. In addition, DSP and several independent pieces in memory, ROM, RAM, parallel functional unit and phase lock loop (PLL), the oscillator, several eight or 16 bus, clock interrupt circui
10、t, etc. Wireless portable devices to meet the requirements of preserving data without electricity, DSP is adopted, such as flash memory and ferroelectric memory techniques. At present, most of the digital signal processor (DSP) using the improved structure, namely, harvard data bus and the address b
11、us separated, makes a processing instruction and data can be simultaneously, improve efficiency. In addition, using line technology will take the operands, etc, refers to the instruction of time can step up greatly lift both speed. The FPGA refers to the field programmable gates array, it is the bas
12、ic function modules by n inputs lookup tables, data storage triggers and complex way, etc. So, as long as one correctly set of data, the look-up table can be read by the data of the realization of the input and arbitrary Boolean function. Hair trigger is used to store the data, such as finite state
13、machine state information. After way can choose different combination of the input signal, and triggers lookup tables with programmable wiring resources, can realize the combination of different logic and temporal logic. Due to the internal structure of FPGA, it can easily distributed algorithm to r
14、ealize that structure of automobile electronic high-speed digital signal processing is very favorable. Due to the realization of the function of the FPGA device can also work, so as to realize the instruction, yields, line level even the concurrent execution of task, which greatly accelerated the sp
15、eed of calculation. The calculation of FPGA realizing universal processor system can reach the existing hundreds and even thousands of times. And, because the FPGA can dynamically, system configuration of the wafer area is not supported by the number of linear function of wireless interface, so ther
16、e may be little pieces of integrating a FPGA even support all standard system. However, due to the development of the existing system of FPGA are almost as ASIC design and test of the prototype, the development system in saving project development time is very high, and the efficiency of the utiliza
17、tion efficiency of resources in FPGA was relatively poor. HDL language can greatly improve the design ability, but in the maximum device performance of the design method of HDL certain limitations, still cannot provide the FPGA layout optimization and wiring. 3.automotive electronic of DSP and FPGA
18、application Mention of automobile electronic digital, wireless communication is currently not think of software radio technology, although it is for wireless communication, but the software radio to achieve the thoughts, and automotive electronic digital processing is the goal of the spiritual path
19、is come. Therefore, it is necessary to mention and use this technology implementation ideas and thoughts. The concept of software radio for the first time in 1992, is clear, may put the MITRE company by JoeMitola, it is current calculation technology, large scale integrated circuit and digital signa
20、l processing technology in the application of wireless communication, It is a basic idea and pursuing the goal is to construct a open, standardization, modular general hardware platform and multiple functions, such as work will band, demodulation type, data formats, encryption mode, communication pr
21、otocol using software, to realize high flexibility, open communication products. So, for the study of automotive electronic digital products, can draw the following main software radio thought: first, to make the car out of the electronic products, hardware structure, Second, and not the hardware, T
22、hird, automobile electronic products should open and compatibility, open refers to the use of the open open, and the production of opening. Below is discussed based on software radio thought DSP and FPGA in automobile electronic application. Based on DSP and FPGA 3.1 the speech signal processing Aut
23、omobile electronic products mainly involves the speech processing of the digital processing, speech speech codec, speech compress and voice recognition. Foreign hot automobile electronic products is one of the speech recognition system, speech recognition system has potential applications, including
24、 voice calls, phonological operation navigation, televox, anti-theft speech broadcast channels choice identification, etc. For example, a hidden markov model (HMM) of the people, and speech recognition of 100 instructions, literature, it follows that the size of the acoustic HMM model for. Includes
25、sample subdivision/speech input window, MFCC extraction, probability calculation and timely treatment, etc Viterbi search for required for the calculation of general DSP 10,000 million times by add (MAC). For continuous speech recognition, the signal is for better digital signal processing speed and
26、 a greater storage space. Because speech recognition system for real-time processing and sampling sound, requires a lot of operation, if they calculation of resource allocation for 20 million times MAC speech recognition, need to have 500 million times processor MACs ability. Therefore, must use DSP
27、 and FPGA to finish the task. DSP and FPGA processing speed speech signal processing application systems complexity and decisive, high-speed DSP and FPGA realizing can realize the track adaptive acoustic field adaptive such modern audio processing and recognition technology. Theoretically, DSP and F
28、PGA processing faster, car audio processing and identify the product application performance is better. With the increasingly diverse applications, DSP and FPGA evolved into a separate chips is no longer, and become the core component. This makes stylist can select appropriate kernel and special log
29、ic cemented together form special DSP and FPGA solutions to meet the need of signal processing. Currently, the DSP core and the ASIC micro controller in chips. Automobile electronic system using common digital signal processor (DSP) and FPGA to achieve speech synthesis, error correction coding. And speech synthesis, speech compress and coding is the first and most DSP widely used, vector encoder will be compressed into speech signal bandwidth channel. 3.2 based on DSP and FPGA car image signal processing
